Roche Abbey

. It is situated in a valley alongside Maltby Beck and King's Wood.

History

The abbey was founded in 1147 when the stone buildings were raised on the north side of the beck. The co-founders of Roche were Richard de Busli, likely the great-nephew of the first Roger de Busli, the Norman magnate builder of Tickhill Castle, and Richard FitzTurgis. [ [http://www.rotherham.gov.uk/graphics/Learning/Archives/Local+Towns+and+Villages/EDSWickersley.htm FitzTurgis of Roche Abbey] ] When the monks first arrived in South Yorkshire from Newminster Abbey in Northumberland, they chose the most suitable side of the stream that runs through the valley, on which to build their new Cistercian monastery. Twenty-five years later, at the end of the century, the Norman Gothic great church had been finished, as well as most of the other buildings. The control of the abbey was vested in the de Vesci family, lords of Rotherham, who in turn subfeuded the land to Richard FitzTurgis, lord of Wickersley (and who took Wickersley as his surname). [ [http://www.rotherham.gov.uk/rotherham/Templates/Inner/Inner3_printerfriendly.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fgraphics%2FLearning%2FArchives%2FLocal%2BTowns%2Band%2BVillages%2FEDSWickersley.htm%3FWBCMODE%3Dauthor&NRNODEGUID=%7B0A08DC37-25C1-42A0-8632-8F5BC1279082%7D&NRCACHEHINT=Guest&WBCMODE=author Family of FitzTurgis, later Wickersley, Rotherhamgov.uk] ]

Eventually, on FitzTurgis' death, control of the abbey passed to his son Roger, now 'de Wickersley,' and then eventually to a granddaughter Constantia, who married William de Livet (Levett), a family of Norman origin who were lords of the nearby village of Hooton Levitt (or Levett). [ [http://books.google.com/books?id=9bcKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA265&lpg=PA265&dq=%22great+britain+public+record+office%22+lyvet&source=web&ots=1D-smaTLlx&sig=o4uKTz8vPWpf5QcYoFasTEpCV1s&hl=en#PPA265,M1 Nicholas de Lyvet, Calendar of the Charter Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office, H.C. Maxwell Lyte, Great Britain Public Record Office, 1906] ] The abbey continued in the Levett family until 1377, when John Levett of Hooton Levitt sold his rights in the abbey to the London merchant Richard Barry. By the time of the dissolution full control of Roche Abbey was held by Henry Clifford, Earl of Cumberland. [ [http://books.google.com/books?id=awIhAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA126&lpg=RA1-PA126&dq=%22john+levet%22+merchant&source=web&ots=CXzvSCoHkM&sig=Dr8Lz9hlUximWfiH7-LWh75LENQ James Hobson Aveling "The History of Roche Abbey, from its Foundation to its Dissolution" 1870] ]

The Roche Abbey records were lost or destroyed so there are no accounts of what went on in the abbey, other than there were 14 monks and an unknown number of novices at the time of dissolution in 1538. It was the dissolution by King Henry VIII of England that rendered the abbey to ruin, but the walls of the north and south transepts are still impressive. The local community at time of dissolution decided they had first right of claim on Roche Abbey and its possessions. A very detailed account exists citing the terrible destruction of the abbey and its valuable artefacts. Timber, lead and stone were also removed in vast quantites. [* [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36241 History of Roche Abbey, British History Online] ]

Left in ruin, the land passed through many private hands until the 4th Earl of Scarbrough decided it needed revitalising to enhance his adjoining family seat at Sandbeck Park. Lord Scarborough enlisted the talents of Capability Brown. With an astonishing disregard for history, Brown demolished buildings, built large earth mounds and turfed the whole site. [ [http://www.rotherhamweb.co.uk/h/sandbeck.htm Capability Brown work on Roche Abbey] ] Until the end of the 19th century Roche Abbey remained buried beneath Brown's work and wooded parkland. But subsequent excavation in the 1920s returned Roche to its former splendour.

The abbey today

The site is now in the care of English Heritage. The cliff path walk provides access to a view across the abbey grounds where its layout can be appreciated. Many of the buildings are low-standing but the walls of the church still stand to full height and the gothic French idealism thrust into its design and architecture is visible. Later additions to the buildings included a kitchen area and abbot's quarters, that were built on the other side of the beck. These quarters were accessed by a bridge which still stands. The monks had latrines which were over Maltby Beck so the running water took away the waste. They dammed the stream higher up to ensure fast flowing water: quite a modern facility for the 13th century. There are several local legends concerning ghosts, tunnels to other buildings, and even a lost wishing well. [ [http://cistercians.shef.ac.uk/roche/location/ Roche Abbey] ]

References