Clytia gregaria

Clytia gregaria
Clytia gregaria
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Cnidaria
Class:	Hydrozoa
Order:	Leptomedusae
Family:	Campanulariidae
Genus:	Clytia
Species:	C. gregaria
Binomial name
Clytia gregaria (L. Agassiz, 1862)
Synonyms
Phialidium gregarium

Clytia gregaria, sometimes referred to as the gregarious jellyfish, is a small, easy to overlook hydrozoan jellyfish. It is one of the most abundant jellyfish of the Pacific Northwest, particularly during late spring and summer.

Range and Habitat

Clytia gregaria is found on the eastern Pacific Ocean, from Alaska to Oregon. It is pelagic and commonly found floating close to shore.

Clytia gregaria, lateral view

Description

Mature individuals can reach 2 cm in diameter, but rarely reach 1.5 cm. Clytia gregaria's translucent bell is saucer-shaped, with a diameter greater than its height. Positioned close to the bell margin are four radial canals with a white or yellowish elongated gonad in each. On the bell margin are up to 60 highly extensile tentacles of equal length (in mature individuals). The mouth opens directly into the manubrium, which has four ruffled lips and is a pale yellow or brownish color. The manubrium is attached directly to the subumbrella. Sometimes there is a lateral stripe of dark pigment on the bell margin and gonads.^[1][2]

Clytia gregaria

Life History

The planula of Clytia gregaria settle on a variety of substrates, on both horizontal and vertical surfaces. The planula then flattens into a pedal disk with 4-6 lobes. A stolon is visible after approximately a week, which then branches and forms a colony of hydroids. Medusae are released approximately 35-45 days after fertilization, from spring to early fall. Newly hatched medusae have 4 tentacles, with an additional 4 immature tentacular buds. The initial diameter of medusae is up to 1.4 mm, increasing to 2.5 - 3 mm within two days. Sexual maturity can be reached in 4 weeks, or sooner with optimal conditions. (Note that this data is based on laboratory conditions.) Adults are carnivorous, feeding upon soft-bodied prey such as invertebrate eggs and appendicularians. Despite its abundance during the summer, Clytia gregaria is relatively short-lived, and its lifespan rarely exceeds 3 months.^[3][4]

Clytia gregaria, lateral view

Ecology

Predators include Stomocata atra, Aequorea victoria, Mitrocoma cellularia, and Phacellophora camtschatica.^{[citation needed]}

The larvae of the sea anemone Peachia quinquecapitata are ectoparasites of Clytia gregaria.^[5]

Footnotes

1. ^ Kozloff, Eugene N., 1996. Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press.
2. ^ Kozloff, Eugene N., 2000. Seashore Life of the Northern Pacific Coast. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press.
3. ^ Roosen-Runge, Edward C., 1970. Life cycle of the hydromedusa Phialidium gregarium (A. Agassiz, 1862) in the laboratory. Biological Bulletin, Vol. 139, No. 1, pp. 203-22
4. ^ Lamb, Andy and Hanby, Bernard P., 2005. Marine Life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia. British Columbia: Harbour Publishing.
5. ^ Spaulding, James G. (1972). "The life cycle of Peachia quinquecapitata, an anemone parasitic on medusae during its larval development". The Biological Bulletin 143: 440–52. http://www.biolbull.org/content/143/2/440.