Protocatechuic acid

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ImageFile=Protocatechuic acid.pngImageSize=200px
IUPACName=3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
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CASNo=99-50-3
PubChem=72
SMILES=C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)O
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Formula=C₇H₆O₄
MolarMass=154.12014
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Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an polyphenol antioxidant found in roselle. Data on the biological activity of PCA are contradictory with both anti-tumor and tumor-promoting effects observed in "in vitro" studies. For example, PCA has been shown to induce apoptosis of human leukemia cells, as well as malignant HSG1 cells taken from human oral cavities. [cite journal |author=Babich H, Sedletcaia A, Kenigsberg B |title=In vitro cytotoxicity of protocatechuic acid to cultured human cells from oral tissue: involvement in oxidative stress |journal=Pharmacol. Toxicol. |volume=91 |issue=5 |pages=245–53 |year=2002 |month=November |pmid=12570031 |doi= |url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0901-9928&date=2002&volume=91&issue=5&spage=245] However, PCA enhances tumor promotion in mouse skin cells. [cite journal |author=Nakamura Y, Torikai K, Ohto Y, Murakami A, Tanaka T, Ohigashi H |title=A simple phenolic antioxidant protocatechuic acid enhances tumor promotion and oxidative stress in female ICR mouse skin: dose-and timing-dependent enhancement and involvement of bioactivation by tyrosinase |journal=Carcinogenesis |volume=21 |issue=10 |pages=1899–907 |year=2000 |month=October |pmid=11023549 |doi= |url=http://carcin.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11023549]

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