Robert C. Osborn

Robert Chesley Osborn (1904-1994) was an American satiric cartoonist, illustrator and author.

Pre-World War II Career

Osborn was born on Oct 26th, 1904, in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. ["Osborn on Osborn", p.11] . He entered the University of Wisconsin in 1923 [Op. cit., p. 39] , then transferred to Yale in 1923 [Op. cit., p.41] . At Yale, together with Dwight Macdonald, Wilder Hobson, Geoffrey T. Hellman, and Jack Jessup, Osborn helped publish The Yale Record and was accepted into Yale's Elizabethan Club [Op. cit. p. 44] . After graduating from Yale in 1928, he studied painting in Rome and Paris [Op. cit. p.50] , then returned to the U.S. and began teaching art and philosophy at the Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, Conn.Fact|date=April 2008. He found breaking into the ranks of serious artists difficult, and he soon turned to caricature. [Osborn on Osborn]

Osborn was in Austria in 1938, working as a tutor, when he was taken to a Hitler rally [Fact|date=April 2008] His reaction to this event prefigured his famous disgust with mindless obedience and obeisance: "I was sickened and convinced that before us was a demon," he wroteFact|date=April 2008. War seemed to him acceptable, "if that was the only way to rid the world of his evil."Fact|date=April 2008. He attempted to join the Spanish Republicans to fight Franco, and later applied to the Royal Canadian Air Force, being turned down on both occasions because of his chronic duodenal ulcer. ["Revel with a Cause", p.51]

World War II: the Dilbert Years

Osborn enlisted when World War II began, hoping to become a U.S. Navy pilot.Fact|date=April 2008 However, the Navy apparently decided that he would be better employed with his hand wrapped around a pen rather than around a joystick: he was soon learning, then applying the art of "speed drawing", under the command of the photographer Edward Steichen in a special information unit in which pilot training manuals were produced. Osborn began drawing cartoons of a pilot who was hapless, arrogant, ignorant and perpetually blundering in ways that put himself and his crew at unnecessary risk. The name of this character was "Dilbert the Pilot", and "Dilbert" was soon to become a slang term used to refer to "sailor who is a foul-up or a screwball." [ [http://books.google.com/books?id=c-Xv836lmxgC&pg=PA148&dq=robert.c.osborn&lr=&sig=VoYfUxXoXHw2Emt2PLpEQpDZUI8#PPA148,M1 "War Slang: War Slang: American Fighting Words and Phrases Since the Civil War", Paul Dickson", 2nd ed., p.148] ] Scott Adams credits Osborn as an indirect source of inspiration for the main character in his own Dilbert cartoons. It is not certain how many drawings Osborn produced for Navy manuals; estimates range from 2,000Fact|date=April 2008 to 40,000. [NY Times obit] His Dilbert was used in numerous educational posters for Navy pilots, appeared in the New York Times and "Life" magazine; for a while, "dilbert" became a synonym for "blunder" for Navy pilots. ["Current Biography", H.W.Wilson Co., 1986, [http://books.google.com/books?id=n5MYAAAAIAAJ&q=robert.c.osborn&dq=robert.c.osborn&pgis=1 p.336] ]

Postwar career

After Osborn's stint in the Navy ended in 1946, he wrote a book called "War is No Damn Good!", including a nightmarish skull-like depiction of an atomic bomb's mushroom cloud drawn only two weeks after Hiroshima, which prompted critic Steve Heller to call it "the first antiwar book of the nuclear age." ["Revel with a Cause", p.52] . The title alluded to cartoonist William Steig's caption, "People are no damn good." [ [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,818156,00.html?promoid=googlep "A Dash of Bitters," Time magazine, April 6, 1953] ] Osborn later produced political cartoons, ridiculing Senator Joseph McCarthy [NYT obit: "portrait of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy made him look like a rejected model for Frankenstein's monster."] , and a number of presidents, from Lyndon Baines Johnson through Ronald Reagan [NYT obit] , . His cartoons for magazines were frequently published in The New Republic, and also appeared in Fortune, Harper's, Life, Look, Esquire, and House and Garden. He was a political activist for a number of causes, including nuclear disarmament. ["Revel with a Cause: Liberal Satire in Postwar America", Steven E. Kerchner, [http://books.google.com/books?id=AzCbfaDZQeIC&printsec=frontcover#PPA426,M1 p.426] ]

Critical Reception

According to Osborn's New York Times obituary, over his 50 year career, Osborn's

::sardonic and often savage drawings in books and magazines have arrested readers with their images of bloated power, violence and death. At the same time, he could be wittily ironic about society's pretensions, spoofing subjects like psychiatry, suburbanites and social climbing. [ [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0DE2D91138F931A15751C1A962958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 "Robert Osborn is dead at 90; caricaturist and satirist", New York Times, Dec 22, 1994] ]

Osborn characterized himself as "a drawer" whose figures "seemed to come right out of my subconscious." [Ibid] . Garry Trudeau called him "one of the very few masters of illustrative cartooning." [Ibid] Robert Motherwell wrote that his drawings were "so alive that they seemed to writhe on the page with an uninhibited energy .... Osborn's art is a call to responsible action." [Introduction to "Osborn on Conflict,", Robert Motherwell, 1985] ; Motherwell was among those who compared Osborn's graphic work to that of Daumier, Goya, Saul Steinberg, as well as to the sculpture of Alexander Calder [Op. cit.] Fact|date=April 2008, who was a friend of Osborn's. ["Calder in Connecticut", Eric Zafran, et al., [http://books.google.com/books?lr=&id=rQdQAAAAMAAJ&dq=elodie+osborn&q=Osborn+great.friends&pgis=1 p. 99] ]

Reviewing that show in The New York Times, New York Times art critic John Russell wrote of Osborn's exhibited Chaplin drawings that::Few people have a nimbler, wittier or more versatile way with pen and pencil than Robert Osborn. [NYT obit]

Later life

Osborn's anti-war opinions notwithstanding, Naval Aviation News continued publishing his cartoons, with Dilbert replaced by an experienced but somewhat curmudgeonly old Navy pilot, Grampaw Pettibone. From 1947 until his death, he lived in Salisbury, Conn. with his wife, Elodie (maiden name Courter), an artist and curator with the Museum of Modern Art [ [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C01E1DB1139F937A35751C0A962958260 "Elodie Osborn, 82, First Director Of the Modern's Traveling Shows" (obituary), New York Times, Feb 4, 1994] . He died of bone cancer, and was survived by two sons, Nic, a naturalist and photographer, and Eliot, a musician and teacher, both of Taconic, Conn.

Books written

* [http://books.google.com/books?id=4X8sGQAACAAJ&dq=how.to.shoot.ducks&lr= "How to Shoot Ducks" (1939)]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=4X8sGQAACAAJ&dq=how.to.shoot.ducks&lr= "How to Shoot Quail" (1939)]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=4X8sGQAACAAJ&dq=how.to.shoot.ducks&lr= "How to Catch Trout" (1939)]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=1QJ1GgAACAAJ&dq=robert.chesley.osborn&lr= "How to Ski" (1942)]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=i_fOGAAACAAJ&dq=robert.chesley.osborn&lr= "Aye, Aye, Sir!" (1943)]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=hcZBAAAAIAAJ&q=robert.c.osborn&dq=robert.c.osborn&lr=&pgis=1 "Dilbert: Just an Accident Looking for a Place to Happen!" (1943)]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=fDXNGAAACAAJ&dq=war.is.no.damn.good&lr= "War is No Damn Good!" (1946)]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=OchlHAAACAAJ&dq=robert.chesley.osborn&lr= "How to Work for Peace" (1948)] , with Fred Smith
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=2lmlGQAACAAJ&dq=robert.chesley.osborn&lr= "How to Play Golf" (1949)]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=nXWhGQAACAAJ&dq=low+inside+robert.chesley.osborn&lr= "Low & Inside" (1953)]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=Neu0GQAACAAJ&dq=how.to.shoot.pheasant "How to Shoot Pheasant" (1955)]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=Z7SHGwAACAAJ&dq=osborn.on.leisure&lr= "Osborn on Leisure" (1957)]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=t8TsHQAACAAJ&dq=the.vulgarians "The Vulgarians" (1960)]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=-1b_GAAACAAJ "Dying to Smoke" (1964)] with [https://www.alumni.unh.edu/obits/1940s/benton.html Fred W. Benton, MD]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=KTMsGQAACAAJ&dq=mankind.may.never.make.it "Mankind May Never Make It!" (1968)]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=Pyn7zQtMbwgC&dq=festival.of.phobias "An Osborn Festival of Phobias" (1971)] , with Eve Wengler
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=uTZQAAAAMAAJ&q=robert.chesley.osborn&dq=robert.chesley.osborn&lr=&pgis=1 "Osborn on Osborn" (1982)] (autobiography)
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=575xHAAACAAJ&dq=robert.chesley.osborn&lr= "Osborn on Conflict: 40 Brush Drawings" (1984)] Introduction by Robert Motherwell
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=rakRHAAACAAJ&dq=robert.chesley.osborn&lr= "The Best of Gramps" (1996)] (posthumous), ed. by Association of Naval Aviation

Books illustrated

* [http://books.google.com/books?id=wj1UAAAAMAAJ&q=if.you.want.to.build.a.house&dq=if.you.want.to.build.a.house&lr=&pgis=1 "If You Want to Build a House"] , [http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BG&p_theme=bg&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EADDD01703073AA&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Elizabeth Baur Kassler (Elizabeth B. Mock)] , Museum of Modern Art, 1946]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=_XSYGQAACAAJ&dq=safe.for.solo&lr= "Safe for Solo: What Every Young Aviator Should Know"] , [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30F14FC3B5E17738DDDAB0894D9415B8788F1D3 Frederick M. Reeder, Rear Adm USN (Ret.)] , 1947
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=bQRLAAAAIAAJ&q=acres.and.pains+perelman&dq=acres.and.pains+perelman&pgis=1 "Acres and Pains"] , S.J. Perelman, 1947
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=8iQyAAAAIAAJ&dq=snobs&q=osborn&pgis=1 "Snobs: a guidebook to your friends, your enemies, your colleagues and yourself"] , Russell Lynes, 1950
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=synIrM92SZIC "Strategy in Poker, Business and War"] , John McDonald, 1950. (McDonald was the ghostwriter for Alfred P. Sloan's "My Years with General Motors". McDonald probably came to Sloan's attention because of this strategy book; see [http://books.google.com/books?id=YbTelHJ201kC&pg=PT108&dq=strategy+in+poker,+business+and+war&sig=QbmyL0Pxn9b1ShzO8Q5_7WECsBI#PPT108,M1 "Alfred P. Sloan: Critical Evaluations in Business and Management", John Cunningham Wood, Michael C. Wood] , p.91)
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=h5QiAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Is+Anybody+Listening%22+Whyte&q=osborn&pgis=1 "Is Anybody Listening? How and why U. S. Business Fumbles when it Talks with Human Beings"] , William H. Whyte, 1952
* [http://www.gslis.utexas.edu/~landc/fulltext/LandC_32_4_Preer.pdf "The Wonderful World of Books"] , [http://books.google.com/books?q=Alfred.Stefferud&um=1&lr=&sa=N&start=50 Alfred Stefferud] , 1953
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=e8hBAAAAIAAJ&q=osborn&pgis=1 "Trial by Television and Other Encounters"] , Michael Whitney Straight, 1954
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=fVgOAAAAIAAJ&dq=spoor.of.spooks&q=osborn&pgis=1 "The Spoor of Spooks, and Other Nonsense] , Bergen Evans, 1954
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=h-RPAAAAMAAJ&dq=architecturally.speaking&q=osborn&pgis=1 "Architecturally Speaking"] , Eugene Raskin, 1954
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=KK0BAAAAMAAJ&q=osborn&pgis=1 "The Exurbanites"] , [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878492,00.html A. C. Spectorsky] , 1955
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=nJJqHAAACAAJ&dq=robert.chesley.osborn&lr= "Women & Children First"] , Paul Steiner, 1955
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=ITcPAAAAMAAJ&dq=Parkinson's.Law&q=osborn&pgis=1 "Parkinson's Law, and Other Studies in Administration"] , C. Northcote Parkinson, 1957
* [http://www.autolife.umd.umich.edu/Design/Gartman/Books/BK_Insolent_Chariots.htm "The Insolent Chariots"] , [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9506E0DA133AF937A15752C1A9669C8B63 John Keats] , 1958
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=pH5tGQAACAAJ&dq=%22The+Decline+of+the+American+Male%22 "The Decline of the American Male"] , editors of Look, 1958
* [http://siris-libraries.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!372048!0#focus "Subverse: Rhymes for Our Times"] , Marya Mannes (AKA "Sec"), 1959
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=jyZLAAAAIAAJ&q=don't.get.perconel.with.a.chicken&dq=don't.get.perconel.with.a.chicken&pgis=1 "Don't Get Perconel with a Chicken"] , H. Allen Smith, 1959
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=e5g1AAAAIAAJ&q=robert.c.osborn&dq=robert.c.osborn&lr=&pgis=1 "The Law and Profits"] , C. Northcote Parkinson, 1960
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=mTdsAAAAIAAJ&q=i.met.a.man&dq=i.met.a.man&pgis=1 "I Met a Man"] , John Ciardi, 1961
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=d_NrAAAAIAAJ&q=%22A+modern+demonology%22+osborn&dq=%22A+modern+demonology%22+osborn&pgis=1 "A Modern Demonology"] , Frank Getlein, 1961
* [http://news.google.com/archivesearch?q=eve.merriam+osborn+basics+i-can-read&um=1 "Basics: An I-Can-Read Book for Grownups"] , Eve Merriam, 1962
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=RSWhGQAACAAJ&dq=everlasting.cocktail.party "The Everlasting Cocktail Party: A Layman's Guide to Culture Climbing"] , Peter Blake, 1964
* [http://leopac5.nypl.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=120869904PS93.13288&profile=dial--3&uri=link=1100084~!690552~!1100001~!1100087&aspect=numeric&menu=search&ri=1&source=~!dial&term=811+Rees&index=#focus "The Song of Paul Bunyan & Tony Beaver"] , Ennis Rees, 1964
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=fPOaAAAACAAJ "Great Science Riddles"] , [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9902E6D61230F934A15755C0A9669C8B63 Rose Wyler] , 1965
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=xDRmGwAACAAJ&dq=gardens.make.me.laugh&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=1_0 "Gardens Make Me Laugh"] , James Rose, 1965
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=5vZMAAAAIAAJ&dq=Computers.on.campus&q=osborn&pgis=1 "Computers on Campus: A Report to the President on their Use and Management"] , [http://news.google.com/archivesearch?q=John+Caffrey+American.Council.on.Education&btnG=Search+Archives&hl=en&um=1&scoring=t John Caffrey] , American Council on Education, 1967
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=mCwtAAAAMAAJ&q=robert.c.osborn&dq=robert.c.osborn&lr=&pgis=1 "Mrs. Parkinson's Law: And Other Studies in Domestic Science"] , C. Northcote Parkinson, 1968
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=g_1RAAAAMAAJ&q=not.so.rich.as.you.think&dq=not.so.rich.as.you.think&lr=&pgis=1 "Not So Rich as You Think"] , George R. Stewart, 1968
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=dY0mAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 "International Conflict for Beginners"] , Roger Fisher, 1969 (foreword by Edward M. Kennedy)
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=8LduGQAACAAJ&dq=missile.madness "Missile Madness"] , Herbert Scoville, 1970
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=qQmZAAAACAAJ "The Nixon Watch"] , John Osborne, 1970

Exhibitions

* Charles Chaplin, 1987

Archives and collections

* Yale University's Beinecke Library
* The Library of Congress
* The Smithsonian Institution

Notes

External links

* [http://www.history.navy.mil/nan/gramps/grampshome.htm Naval Aviation News: Grampaw Pettibone's Home Page]
* [http://www.drawger.com/kroninger/?section=comments&article_id=5106#comments "Robert Osborn (1904-1995)] , a blog entry with many Osborn covers, cartoons and illustrations