Cissus

For other uses, see Cissus (disambiguation).

Cissus
Cissus nodosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Vitales
Family:	Vitaceae
Subfamily:	Vitoideae
Genus:	Cissus L.[1]
Species
About 350, see text

Cissus verticillata

Cissus is a genus of approximately 350 species of woody vines in the grape family (Vitaceae). They have a cosmopolitan distribution, though the majority are to be found in the tropics. In Tamil they are known as pirandai (பிரண்டை).

Uses

Medicinal

Cissus quadrangularis has been evaluated for potential medical uses. As a source of carotenoids, triterpenoids and ascorbic acid the extracts may have potential for medical effects, including "gastroprotective activity"^[2] and benefits in terms of "lipid metabolism and oxidative stress".^[3] Cissus quinquangularis was used by the Maasai people of Kenya to relieve some of the symptoms of malaria.^[4]

Ornamental

Cissus antarctica and C. alata are cultivated as garden plants.

Ecology

Cissus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Hypercompe eridanus and Hypercompe icasia.

Taxonomy

The generic name is derived from the Greek word κισσος (kissos), meaning "ivy".^[5] In the 1980s the genus was split according to some details of the flower. The large caudiciform species were moved to the new genus Cyphostemma.

Selected species

Cissus adnata Roxb. Cissus alata Jacq. – Grape Ivy Cissus antarctica Vent. – Kangaroo Treevine Cissus campestris (Baker) Planch. Cissus cucurbitina Standl. Cissus discolor Blume Cissus erosa Rich. – Caro de Tres Hojas Cissus gongylodes (Baker) Burch. ex Planch. – Marble Treevine Cissus hypoglauca A.Gray Cissus incisa (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Des Moul. Cissus intermedia A.Rich. – Intermediate Treebine Cissus nodosa Blume – Javanese Treebine Cissus oblonga Cissus obliqua Ruiz & Pav. Cissus paniculata Cissus pentagona Roxb. Cissus quadrangularis L. – Veld grape Cissus repanda Vahl Cissus repens Lam. Cissus rotundifolia Vahl – Venezuelan Treebine Cissus striata Ruiz & Pav. (Chile, Argentina, Brazil) Cissus sulcicaulis (Baker) Planch. Cissus trifoliata (L.) L. – Sorrelvine Cissus tuberosa Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C.E.Jarvis – Seasonvine[6][7]

Formerly placed here

• Ampelopsis glandulosa var. brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Momiy (as C. brevipedunculata Maxim.)
• Ampelopsis orientalis (Lam.) Planch. (as C. orientalis Lam.)
• Ampelopsis vitifolia Planch. (as C. vitifolia Boiss.)
• Cayratia geniculata (Blume) Gagnep. (as C. geniculata Blume)
• Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin (as C. trifolia (L.) K.Schum.)
• Cyphostemma bainesii (Hook.f.) Desc. (as C. bainesii (Hook.f.) Gilg & M.Brandt)
• Cyphostemma cirrhosum (Thunb.) Desc. (as C. cirrhosa (Thunb.) Willd.)
• Cyphostemma currorii (Hook.f.) Desc. (as C. currorii Hook.f. or C. crameriana Schinz)
• Cyphostemma juttae (Dinter & Gilg) Desc. (as C. juttae Dinter & Gilg)
• Rhoicissus tomentosa (Lam.) Wild & R.B.Drumm. (as C. capensis Willd. or C. tomentosa Lam.)
• Strychnos umbellata (Lour.) Merr. (as C. umbellata Lour.)
• Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb. (as C. lanceolaria Roxb. or C. leucostaphyla Dennst.)
• Tetrastigma serrulatum (Roxb.) Planch. (as C. serrulata Roxb.)^[6]

Image gallery

• 

  Cissus woodrowii in Keesara, Rangareddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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  Cissus woodrowii in Keesara, Rangareddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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  Cissus woodrowii in Keesara, Rangareddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

• 

  Cissus repanda in Keesara, Rangareddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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  Cissus hypoglauca growing over a creek at Murramarang National Park, Australia

References

1. ^ "Cissus L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-04-03. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?2630. Retrieved 2010-07-07. 
2. ^ Jainu, M; Mohan, K; Devi, C (2006). "Protective effect of Cissus quadrangularis on neutrophil mediated tissue injury induced by aspirin in rats". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 104 (3): 302–5. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.076. PMID 16338111. 
3. ^ Oben, Julius E; Enyegue, Damaris; Fomekong, Gilles I; Soukontoua, Yves B; Agbor, Gabriel A (2007). "The effect of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) and a Cissus formulation (CORE) on obesity and obesity-induced oxidative stress". Lipids in Health and Disease 6: 4. doi:10.1186/1476-511X-6-4. PMC 1800848. PMID 17274828. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1800848. 
4. ^ Bussmann, Rainer W; Gilbreath, Genevieve G; Solio, John; Lutura, Manja; Lutuluo, Rumpac; Kunguru, Kimaren; Wood, Nick; Mathenge, Simon G (2006). "Plant use of the Maasai of Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2: 22. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-22. PMC 1475560. PMID 16674830. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1475560. 
5. ^ Eggli, Urs (2002). Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants. 5: Dicotyledons. Springer. p. 452. ISBN 9783540419662. http://books.google.com/?id=ffBRAyZLuh0C. 
6. ^ ^{a b} "Species Records of Cissus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?2630. Retrieved 2010-07-07. 
7. ^ "Cissus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=28634. Retrieved 7 July 2010. 

External links

• Cissus striata pictures at Chilebosque
• Description of the genus