ANGPTL4

Angiopoietin-like 4, also known as ANGPTL4, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ANGPTL4 angiopoietin-like 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=51129| accessdate = ]

PBB_Summary
section_title =
summary_text = This gene is a member of the angiopoietin/angiopoietin-like gene family and encodes a glycosylated, secreted protein with a fibrinogen C-terminal domain. This gene is induced under hypoxic conditions in endothelial cells and is the target of peroxisome proliferation activators. The encoded protein is a serum hormone directly involved in regulating glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity and also acts as an apoptosis survival factor for vascular endothelial cells. The encoded protein may play a role in several cancers and it also has been shown to prevent the metastatic process by inhibiting vascular activity as well as tumor cell motility and invasiveness. Decreased expression of this protein has been associated with type 2 diabetes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. This gene was previously referred to as ANGPTL2 but has been renamed ANGPTL4.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ANGPTL4 angiopoietin-like 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=51129| accessdate = ]

ANGPTL4 inhibits lipoprotein lipase, LPL, by breaking the dimer molecule. ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 have been unambiguously established as potent inhibitors of blood plasma Triglyceride (TG) clearance, causing elevation of plasma TG levels.

References

Further reading

*cite journal | author=Lichtenstein L, "et al."|title=Angptl4 up-regulates cholesterol synthesis in liver via inhibition of LPL- and HL-dependent hepatic cholesterol uptake. |journal=Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. |volume=27|issue= 11 |pages= 2420-27 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17761937 |doi= 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.151894
*cite journal |author=Kersten S |title=Regulation of lipid metabolism via angiopoietin-like proteins |journal=Biochem. Soc. Trans. |volume=33 |issue=Pt 5 |pages=1059–62 |year=2005 |month=November |pmid=16246045 |doi=10.1042/BST20051059 |url=PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Li C |title=Genetics and regulation of angiopoietin-like proteins 3 and 4. |journal=Curr. Opin. Lipidol. |volume=17 |issue= 2 |pages= 152–6 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16531751 |doi= 10.1097/01.mol.0000217896.67444.05
*cite journal | author=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 171–4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, "et al." |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 149–56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kim I, Kim HG, Kim H, "et al." |title=Hepatic expression, synthesis and secretion of a novel fibrinogen/angiopoietin-related protein that prevents endothelial-cell apoptosis. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=346 Pt 3 |issue= |pages= 603–10 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10698685 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Yoon JC, Chickering TW, Rosen ED, "et al." |title=Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma target gene encoding a novel angiopoietin-related protein associated with adipose differentiation. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=20 |issue= 14 |pages= 5343–9 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10866690 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Gbaguidi FG, Chinetti G, Milosavljevic D, "et al." |title=Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists decrease lipoprotein lipase secretion and glycated LDL uptake by human macrophages. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=512 |issue= 1-3 |pages= 85–90 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11852057 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Mujumdar VS, Tummalapalli CM, Aru GM, Tyagi SC |title=Mechanism of constrictive vascular remodeling by homocysteine: role of PPAR. |journal=Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. |volume=282 |issue= 5 |pages= C1009–15 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11940516 |doi= 10.1152/ajpcell.00353.2001
*cite journal | author=Zhu H, Li J, Qin W, "et al." |title= [Cloning of a novel gene, ANGPTL4 and the functional study in angiogenesis] |journal=Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi |volume=82 |issue= 2 |pages= 94–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11953136 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Zhu H, Li J, Wan D, "et al." |title= [Expression and function of hepatocellular carcinoma-related gene pp1158] |journal=Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi |volume=24 |issue= 2 |pages= 123–5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12015030 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kaneda A, Kaminishi M, Yanagihara K, "et al." |title=Identification of silencing of nine genes in human gastric cancers. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=62 |issue= 22 |pages= 6645–50 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12438262 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Yoshimura R, Matsuyama M, Segawa Y, "et al." |title=Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in human urinary bladder carcinoma and growth inhibition by its agonists. |journal=Int. J. Cancer |volume=104 |issue= 5 |pages= 597–602 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12594814 |doi= 10.1002/ijc.10980
*cite journal | author=Le Jan S, Amy C, Cazes A, "et al." |title=Angiopoietin-like 4 is a proangiogenic factor produced during ischemia and in conventional renal cell carcinoma. |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=162 |issue= 5 |pages= 1521–8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12707035 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, "et al." |title=The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2265–70 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12975309 |doi= 10.1101/gr.1293003
*cite journal | author=Ito Y, Oike Y, Yasunaga K, "et al." |title=Inhibition of angiogenesis and vascular leakiness by angiopoietin-related protein 4. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=63 |issue= 20 |pages= 6651–7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14583458 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Mandard S, Zandbergen F, Tan NS, "et al." |title=The direct peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor target fasting-induced adipose factor (FIAF/PGAR/ANGPTL4) is present in blood plasma as a truncated protein that is increased by fenofibrate treatment. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 33 |pages= 34411–20 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15190076 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M403058200
*cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, "et al." |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504
*cite journal | author=Fink T, Abildtrup L, Fogd K, "et al." |title=Induction of adipocyte-like phenotype in human mesenchymal stem cells by hypoxia. |journal=Stem Cells |volume=22 |issue= 7 |pages= 1346–55 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15579652 |doi= 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0038
*cite journal | author=Xu A, Lam MC, Chan KW, "et al." |title=Angiopoietin-like protein 4 decreases blood glucose and improves glucose tolerance but induces hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in mice. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=102 |issue= 17 |pages= 6086–91 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15837923 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.0408452102
*cite journal | author=Hermann LM, Pinkerton M, Jennings K, "et al." |title=Angiopoietin-like-4 is a potential angiogenic mediator in arthritis. |journal=Clin. Immunol. |volume=115 |issue= 1 |pages= 93–101 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15870027 |doi= 10.1016/j.clim.2004.12.002

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