Makiivka

Makiivka / Makiyivka Макіївка
Flag Coat of arms
Map of Ukraine with Makiivka highlighted.
Makiivka / Makiyivka Location of Makiivka
Coordinates: 48°05′0″N 38°04′0″E / 48.083333°N 38.066667°E / 48.083333; 38.066667Coordinates: 48°05′0″N 38°04′0″E / 48.083333°N 38.066667°E / 48.083333; 38.066667
Country	Ukraine
Oblast	Donetsk Oblast
Raion	Makiivka City Municipality
Approx. foundation	1696
City rights	1925
Government
- Mayor	Oleksandr Maltsev
Area
- Total	218.2 km2 (84.2 sq mi)
Elevation	169 m (554 ft)
Population (05-04)
- Total	389,589
- Density	1,786/km2 (4,625.7/sq mi)
Postal code	86100-86180
Area code(s)	+380 6232
Website	makeyevka.dn.ua

Makiivka, also spelled Makiyivka (Ukrainian: Макіївка Ukrainian pronunciation: [mɑˈkijiu̯kɑ], translit. Makiyivka; Russian: Макеевка, translit. Makeyevka; former names: Dmytriivsk, Dmytriyevskyi) is an industrial city located in eastern Ukraine within the Donetsk Oblast (province), 25 km (16 mi) from the capital Donetsk. As of the 2001 Ukrainian Census, the city's population is 389,589 inhabitants, of these 178,475 (46 %) are men and 211,114 (54 %) are women. It is an important steel industry and coal mining centre of the country. Makiivka is a leading metallurgical and coal-mining centre and has machinery and coking plants. Donetsk and Makiivka are so close together that it is hard to tell when one city ends, and the other begins.

Subdivisions and local government

Makiivka comprises a total of 5 raions (districts):

• Hirnytskyi (Ukrainian: Гірницький район) — 107,835 inhabitants
• Kirovskyi (Ukrainian: Кіровський район) — 52,768 inhabitants
• Radianskyi (Ukrainian: Радянський район — 53,007 inhabitants
• Tsentralno-Miskyi (Ukrainian: Центрально-Міський район) — 94,93 inhabitants
• Chervonohvardiyskyi (Ukrainian: Червоногвардійський район) — 81,042 inhabitants

The city municipality of Makiivka includes also the following urban-type settlements (Ukrainian spellings are followed by Russian ones in parenthesis):

Velyke Orikhove (Bolshoye Orekhovoye) Vysoke (Vysokoye) Vuhliar (Uglyar) Hruzko-Zorynske (Gruzko-Zorinskoye) Hruzko-Lomivka (Gruzko-Lomovka) Huselske (Guselskoye) Zemlianky (Zemlyanki) Kolosnykove (Kolosnikovo) Chervonyi Zhovten (Krasnyi Oktiabr) Khanzhonkovo (Khanzhonkovo) Khanzhonkovo-Pivnichnyi (Khanzhonkovo-Severnyi)

Krynychna (Krinichnaya) Lisne (Lesnoye) Maiak (Mayak) Mezhove (Rubezhnoye) Nyzhnya Krynka (Nyzhniaya Krinka) Proletarske (Proletarskoye) Sverdlove (Sverdlovo) Yasynivka (Yasinovka) Kalynovo-Skhidnyi (Kalinovo-Vostochnyi) Buroz (Buroz)

The mayor of the city is Oleksandr Maltsev (Ukrainian: Мальцев Олександр Миколайович) who was born in 1956 in Makiivka.

History

File:Map of Makiivka.gif

An administrative map of the five raions of Makiivka. For a legend, see here.

For a long time Makiivka was thought to have been established in 1777, but recent research shows that it has been mentioned in historical records since approx. 1696^{[citation needed]}. The first mine was opened in 1875. In 1899 metallurgical settlement was founded nearby called Dmytrievsk, named after Dmitry Ilovaisky, son of count Ilovaysky - the landlord of the region.

Makiivka was only a small village when it was combined with nearby Dmytriivsk. Dmytriivsk subsequently developed as one of the largest coal-mining and industrial centres of the Donets Basin coalfield. In 1931, Dmytriivsk-Makiyivka was renamed Makiivka.

Jews in Makiivka

In 1939, the Jewish population of Makiivka was 8,000. In the German Operational Situation Report (USSR No. 177) of Nazi Chief of the Security Police dated from March 6, 1942 it is stated that as a result of the measures carried out by Einsatzkommando 6, both the Horlivka and Makiivka districts had been made "free of Jews". Nazis executed a total of 493 people here, among them 80 political agitators, 44 saboteurs and looters, and 369 Jews.

In September 2006, the first synagogue has been consecrated in Makiivka after almost 70 years. The house at 51 Lva Tolstogo street serves not only a synagogue but also a community center for a Jewish community of Makiiivka containing 2,000 members. The main rabbi of Makiivka is Eliyahu Kremer. Makiivka Jewish community chairman is Alexander-Mikhoel Katz.

Economy and transport

Industry

There are many coal mines in and around the city. Makiivka's modern industries include one of the largest integrated iron and steel works in Ukraine. There are also other metalworking and coke-chemical plants and factories for pneumatic machinery, shoemaking, and food processing. The city is rather dispersed, with numerous residential communities surrounding individual industrial plants over an extensive area. It is gradually extending to form a single metropolitan area with the nearby city of Donetsk, which lies just a few miles to the southwest. Makiivka has a large research institute in mining safety.

The largest enterprises in Makiivka are: State enterprise "Makeyevugol" - open joint-stock company "Makeyevsky Metallurgical Works" - open joint-stock company, "Yasinovsky Coke-chemical Plant", and the limited company "Makeyevcoke".

There are also many machine-building enterprises within the city, with the most significant being: open joint-stock company "Granit", open joint-stock company "Stroymash", and the closed joint-stock company "Makeyevsky Mine's Automatic Machinery plant".

Makiivka metallurgical plant

The Makiivka metallurgical plant produced 1.029 million tons of steel and 825,000 tons of pig iron in 2005. It increased production of rolled steel 1.56-fold to over 700,000 tons in the January–July period of 2006, compared with the corresponding period of last year. It aims to increase its sales revenues to 1.265 billion hryvnia in 2006. The Nucor company (United States) intends to sign a contract with the Makiivka metallurgical plant on delivery of pig iron to the company's enterprises in the United States.

Transport

Makiivka is crossed by several railway lines: one is the Yasynuvata-Krynichna line (Russian: Ясиноватая-Криничная), and the other is the Mospyno-Makiivka freight line (Russian: Моспино — Макеевка грузовая). The city also contained a tram line (since 1925, but there are no tram routes now) and a trolleybus system (from 1969). The city has a main passenger station Makiyivka-Pasazhirska, a railway junction Khanzhonkovo (situated in the settlement where Aleksandr Khanzhonkov was born), and minor railway stations:Krynichna, Monakhovo as well as a number of railway bays.

Culture

Religion

On the territory of Makiivka there are 22 churches, 73 religious organisations, and a women's monastery.

The city's inhabitants follow different religions, including: Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Moscow Patriarchate — 23 commuities; Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchate — 3 communities; Armenian Apostolic Church — 1 community; Roman-Catholic Church — 1 community; Islam — 2 communities; Jewish — 1 community; Krishna — 1 community; Protestant confessions — 41 communities.

Sport

Today, Makiivka has a total of 5 sport stadiums, 4 swimming pools, 90 sport gyms, 15 football fields, 5 children's sport schools, and 36 fitness rooms. There is also a sport school for physically disabled people.

Within the city, 35 different forms of sport are played, and there are a total of 35 sport organisations. There are also many campuses of the oblast's sport schools in Makiivka, including schools for: kickboxing, volleyball, heavy athletics, boxing, some other forms of wrestling, and judo.

Notable people

• Aleksandr Khanzhonkov (1877–1945) - pioneer of Russian cinematograph was a native of the city;
• Pyotr Ryabtsev (1915–1941) — Soviet biplane fighter ace, born in the city;
• Vladimir Zakharov (1901–1956) — Ukrainian composer, manager of Piatnytskyi National Choir, musical editor of all-Soviet radio, born here;
• Mykola Kapusta (1938-) — Ukrainian journalist and artist-designer who won 70 prizes on the international cartoon contests, born here.
• Olga Savchuk - (1987-) Ukrainian tennis player

Fictional

• Titanium Man, the Marvel Comics super-villain of Iron Man universe

External links

makeyevka.dn.ua - Official site of Makiivka (English)/(Ukrainian)/(Russian) museum.makeevka.com - Historical Museum of Makiivka (Russian) makeevka.com - Portal Makiivka (Russian) union.makeevka.com - Official site of Makiivka city television (Russian) city.makeevka.com - Makiivka city site (Russian) forum.icm.dn.ua - Makiivka city forum (Russian)

makeevka.h11.ru - Project "Makiiivka: all truth" (Russian) free.gortransport.info - History of electrical transport in Makiivka (Russian) infodon.org.ua - History of mining safety in Makiivka (Russian) pvp.org.ua - News from Makiivka (Ukrainian) Ukrainian heraldry - Makiivka (Ukrainian) info.dn.ua - Information about the city (Russian)