Chelyocarpus

Chelyocarpus
Chelyocarpus ulei
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
(unranked):	Commelinids
Order:	Arecales
Family:	Arecaceae
Subfamily:	Coryphoideae
Tribe:	Cryosophileae[1]
Genus:	Chelyocarpus Dammer
Type species
Chelyocarpus ulei Dammer
Species
Chelyocarpus chuco (Mart.) H.E.Moore Chelyocarpus dianeurus (Burret) H.E.Moore Chelyocarpus repens F.Kahn & K.Mejia Chelyocarpus ulei Dammer
Synonyms[2]
Tessmanniophoenix Burret Tessmanniodoxa Burret

Chelyocarpus is a genus of small to medium-sized fan palms which are native to northwestern South America. Some are upright trees, while others creep along the ground. Species are used for thatch, to weave hats, stuff pillows and as a source of salt.

Description

Chelyocarpus is a type of small to medium sized, single or multi-stemmed palms with fan shaped leaves. Stems range from short and creeping along the ground to as much as 15 metres (49 ft) tall. Stem diameters range from 4 to 12 centimetres (1.6 to 4.7 in). Individuals have between 10 and 20 leaves with circular blades, the lower surface of which is usually whitish in colour. The flowers are small and bisexual—they have both male and female sex organs in the same flower. The fruit have one or two seeds and ripen to a greenish yellow or brown.

Taxonomy

Coccothrinax Hemithrinax Leucothrinax Zombia Thrinax Schippia Cryosophila Itaya Chelyocarpus

Simplified phylogeny of the tribe Cryosophileae (except Trithrinax) based on the nuclear genes PKR and RPB2.[3]

The name Chelyocarpus is derived from Ancient Greek and means "turtle carapace-fruited", a reference to cracked surface of the fruits of the genus, which resemble the shell of a turtle.^[4] The species was first described by German botanist Carl Dammer in 1920.^[2] In the first edition of Genera Palmarum (1987), Natalie Uhl and John Dransfield placed the genus Chelyocarpus in the subfamily Coryphoideae, the tribe Corypheae and the subtribe Thrinacinae^[5] Subsequent phylogenetic analysis showed that the Old World and New World members of the Thrinacinae are not closely related. As a consequence of this, Chelyocarpus and related genera have been placed in their own tribe, Cryosophileae.^[1] Chelyocarpus is considered to form the sister clade to the rest of the tribe.^[3]

Distribution

Three species of Chelyocarpus are native to the western Amazon, while the fourth is from western Colombia. Chelyocarpus chuco is found in Brazil and Bolivia, C. ulei in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil, C. repens near Iquitos, Peru, and C. dianeurus is found in the Pacific lowlands of Colombia.^[4]

Uses

The leaves of Chelyocarpus chuco are used for thatch and to weave hats. The woolly covering of the leaf sheaths of C. dianeurus are used to stuff pillows, and salt is extracted from the trunks of C. ulei.^[4]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Dransfield, John; Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis (2005). "A New Phylogenetic Classification of the Palm Family, Arecaceae". Kew Bulletin 60 (4): 559–69. JSTOR 25070242. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "Chelyocarpus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?accepted_id=38888&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=38888&status=true. Retrieved 10 April 2010. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Roncal, Julissa; Scott Zona, Carl E. Lewis (2008). "Molecular Phylogenetic Studies of Caribbean Palms (Arecaceae) and Their Relationships to Biogeography and Conservation". Botanical Review 74 (1): 78–102. doi:10.1007/s12229-008-9005-9. 
4. ^ ^{a b c} Henderson, Andrew; Gloria Galeano; Rodrigo Bernal (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 38–39. ISBN 0-691-08537-4. 
5. ^ Uhl, Natalie E.; John Dransfield (1987). Genera Palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore Jr. Lawrence, Kansas: The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society.