Declaration by United Nations

Declaration by United Nations
Wartime poster for the United Nations, created in 1943 by the U.S. Office of War Information.

The Declaration by United Nations was a World War II document agreed to on January 1, 1942 during the Arcadia Conference by 26 governments: the Allied "Big Four" (the USA, the UK, the USSR, and China), nine American allies in Central America and the Caribbean, the four British Dominions, British India, and eight Allied governments-in-exile, for a total of twenty-six nations.

During December 1941, Roosevelt devised the name "United Nations" for the Allies of World War II, and the Declaration by United Nations, on 1 January 1942, was the basis of the modern UN.[1] The term United Nations became synonymous during the war with the Allies and was considered to be the formal name that they were fighting under.[citation needed] The text of the declaration affirmed the signatories' perspective "that complete victory over their enemies is essential to defend life, liberty, independence and religious freedom, and to preserve human rights and justice in their own lands as well as in other lands, and that they are now engaged in a common struggle against savage and brutal forces seeking to subjugate the world". The principle of "complete victory" established an early precedent for the Allied policy of obtaining the Axis' powers' "unconditional surrender". The defeat of "Hitlerism" constituted the overarching objective, and represented a common Allied perspective that the totalitarian militarist regimes ruling Germany, Italy, and Japan were indistinguishable.[2] The declaration, furthermore, "upheld the Wilsonian principles of self determination," thus linking U.S. war aims in both world wars.[3]

By the end of the war, a number of other states had acceded to the declaration, including the Philippines, France, every Latin American state except Argentina,[4] and the various independent states of the Middle East and Africa. Although most of the minor Axis powers had switched sides and joined the United Nations as co-belligerents against Germany by the end of the war, they were not allowed to accede to the declaration.

Wartime poster for the United Nations, created in 1942 by the U.S. Office of War Information, showing the 26 members of the alliance.
The original signatories were
Big Four United States • United Kingdom • Soviet Union • China 
British Commonwealth Australia • Canada • India • New Zealand • South Africa
Other powers Costa Rica • Cuba • Dominican Republic • El Salvador • Guatemala • Haiti • Honduras • Nicaragua • Panama
In exile Belgium • Czechoslovakia • Greece • Luxembourg • Netherlands • Norway • Poland • Yugoslavia
Later signatories were
1942 Mexico • Philippine Commonwealth • Ethiopia
1943 Iraq • Brazil • Bolivia • Iran • Colombia
1944 Liberia • France
1945 Ecuador • Peru • Chile • Paraguay • Venezuela • Uruguay • Turkey • Egypt • Saudi Arabia • Lebanon • Syria

The parties pledged to uphold the Atlantic Charter, to employ all their resources in the war against the Axis powers, and that none of the signatory nations would seek to negotiate a separate peace with Nazi Germany or Japan in the same manner that the nations of the Triple Entente had agreed not to negotiate a separate peace with any or all of the Central Powers in World War I under the Unity Pact.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Hoopes, Townsend, and Douglas Brinkley. FDR and the Creation of the U.N. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. ISBN 9780300069303.
  2. ^ Bevans, Charles I. Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776-1949. Volume 3. Mulitlateral, 1931-1945. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1969, p. 697.
  3. ^ Bailey, Thomas A. The Marshall Plan Summer: An Eyewitness Report on Europe and the Russians in 1947. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1977, p. 227.
  4. ^ Act of Chapultepec The Oxford Companion to World War II, I. C. B. Dear and M. R. D. Foot (2001)

References


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Declaration by United Nations — Die Deklaration vereinter Nationen (englisch: Declaration by United Nations) wurde am 1. Januar 1942 von 26 Staaten der Anti Hitler Koalition in Washington unterzeichnet. Sie diente der Formalisierung und Bekräftigung der zuvor beschlossenen… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 — of 25 October 1971 recognized the representatives of the People s Republic of China (PRC) as the only legitimate representative of China to the United Nations and expelled the representatives of Chiang Kai shek from the place which they… …   Wikipedia

  • United Nations — 1. an international organization, with headquarters in New York City, formed to promote international peace, security, and cooperation under the terms of the charter signed by 51 founding countries in San Francisco in 1945. Abbr.: UN Cf. General… …   Universalium

  • United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories — United Nations list of Trust and Non Self Governing Territories (published in 2002) The United Nations list of Non Self Governing Territories is a list of countries that, according to the United Nations, are non decolonized. The list was… …   Wikipedia

  • United Nations Charter — Signed 26 June 1945 Location San Francisco, California, United States Effective 24 October 1945 Condition Ratification by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, United States and by a majority of the other signatory states. Parties… …   Wikipedia

  • UNITED NATIONS (UN) — UNITED NATIONS (UN), a worldwide organization of states established in 1945, in the wake of World War II, with a view, primarily, to maintain international peace and security and also bring about cooperation among nations in the economic, social …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • United Nations Parliamentary Assembly — United Nations Parliamentary Assembly …   Wikipedia

  • United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441 — is a resolution by the UN Security Council, passed unanimously on November 8, 2002, offering Iraq a final opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations that had been set out in several previous resolutions (Resolution 660, Resolution 661 …   Wikipedia

  • United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 — United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379, adopted on November 10, 1975 by a vote of 72 to 35 (with 32 abstentions), determine [d] that Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination . The resolution was revoked by Resolution 46/86… …   Wikipedia

  • United Nations Millennium Campaign — Org type UN campai …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”