Princess Amelia Sophia of Great Britain

"For other princesses known as Amelia, see Princess Amelia. For the daughter of George III, see Princess Amelia of the United Kingdom"Infobox British Royalty|royal
name =Princess Amelia"The London Gazette" refers to her as "(the) Princess Amelia" [http://www.londongazette.co.uk/ViewPDF.aspx?pdf=6332] [http://www.londongazette.co.uk/ViewPDF.aspx?pdf=7508&gpn=4] [http://www.londongazette.co.uk/ViewPDF.aspx?pdf=10308&gpn=4] [http://www.londongazette.co.uk/ViewPDF.aspx?pdf=12800] [http://www.londongazette.co.uk/ViewPDF.aspx?pdf=12805] ]

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caption = Amelia "(right)" with her three eldest siblings, Anne, Caroline and Frederick
royal house =House of Hanover
full name =Amelia Sophia Eleanor
titles ="HRH" The Princess Amelia
"HRH" Princess Amelia
"HSH" Princess Amelia of Hanover
father =George II
mother =Caroline of Ansbach
date of birth =birth date|1711|7|10|df=yes
place of birth =Herrenhausen Palace, Hanover
date of death =death date and age|1786|10|31|1711|7|10|df=yes
place of death =Soho, London
place of burial =Westminster Abbey, London|

The Princess Amelia (Amelia Sophia Eleanor [ [http://users.uniserve.com/~canyon/christenings.htm#Christenings Yvonne's Royalty Home Page: Royal Christenings] ] ; 10 July 1711 – 31 October 1786) was a member of the British Royal Family, the second daughter of George II.

Early life

Princess Amelia was born at Herrenhausen Palace, Hanover, Germany. Her father was The Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg, the son of the Elector of Hanover. Her mother was Caroline of Ansbach, daughter of Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.

At her birth she was styled "HSH" Princess Amelia of Hanover. She was known to her family as Emily.

Great Britain

Under the Act of Settlement 1701, Princess Amelia's grandfather became King of Great Britain on 1 August 1714 following the death of Queen Anne. Amelia's father became Duke of Cornwall, and was created Prince of Wales on 27 September 1714. Amelia became "HRH" Princess Amelia. She moved to Great Britain with her family and resided at St James's Palace in London.

On 11 June 1727, George I died and her father succeeded him as George II. Amelia was now styled "HRH" The Princess Amelia. She lived with her father until his death in 1760. She was the intended wife of Frederick II of Prussia, until his father forced him to marry Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Bevern, in 1733.

Later life

In 1751, Princess Amelia became ranger of Richmond Park after the death of Horace Walpole. Immediately afterwards, the Princess caused major public uproar by closing the park to the public, only allowing few close friends and those with special permits to enter.

This continued until 1758, when a local brewer, John Lewis, took the gatekeeper, who stopped him from entering the park, to court. The court ruled in favour of Lewis, citing the fact that, when Charles I enclosed the park in the 1600s, he allowed the public right of way in the park. Princess Amelia was forced to lift the restrictions.

In 1761, she became the owner of Gunnersbury Estate, Middlesex, and at some time between 1777 and 1784, commissioned a bath house, extended as a folly by a subsequent owner of the land in the 19th century, which still stands today with a Grade II English Heritage listing and is known as "Princess Amelia's Bathhouse".

She also owned a property in Cavendish Square, Soho, London, where, on 31 October 1786, at which time she was the last surviving child of George II and his Queen Caroline, she died unmarried. She was buried in the Henry VII Lady Chapel in Westminster Abbey.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

*10 July 1711 – 27 September 1714: "Her Serene Highness" Princess Amelia of Hanover
*27 September 1714 – 11 June 1727: "Her Royal Highness" Princess Amelia
*11 June 1727 – 31 October 1786: "Her Royal Highness" The Princess Amelia

Arms

On 31 January 1719, as a grandchild of the sovereign, Amelia was granted use of the arms of the realm, differenced by a "label argent of five points ermine". On 30 August 1727, as a child of the sovereign, Amelia's difference changed to a "label argent of three points ermine". [ [http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/cadency.htm Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family] ]

Ancestors

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1= 1. Princess Amelia of Great Britain
2= 2. George II of Great Britain
3= 3. Margravine Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
4= 4. George I of Great Britain
5= 5. Sophia Dorothea of Celle
6= 6. John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
7= 7. Princess Eleanor Erdmuthe Louise of Saxe-Eisenach
8= 8. Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover
9= 9. Sophia, Princess Palatine of the Rhine
10= 10. George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
11= 11. Eleonore d'Esmier d'Olbreuse
12= 12. Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
13= 13. Princess Sophia Margaret of Oettingen-Oettingen
14= 14. John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
15= 15. Princess Johanetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein
16= 16. George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
17= 17. Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt
18= 18. Frederick V, Elector Palatine
19= 19. Princess Elizabeth Stuart of Scotland
20= 20. George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (= 16)
21= 21. Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 17)
22= 22. Alexander II d'Olbreuse
23= 23. Jacquette Poussard de Vendre
24= 24. Joachim Ernest, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
25= 25. Countess Sofie of Solms-Laubach
26= 26. Joachim Ernest, Count of Oettingen
27= 27. Countess Anna Sibylle of Solms-Sonnenwald
28= 28. William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
29= 29. Princess Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau
30= 30. Ernest of Sayn-Wittgenstein
31= 31. Countess Luise Juliane of Erbach

Legacy

*Amelia Island in Florida, United States is named for her, as is Amelia County in Virginia, United States.

References

* [http://www.quarme.com/bathhouse.html Princess Amelia's Bathhouse]
* [http://17.1911encyclopedia.org/F/FR/FREDERICK_II_.htm Frederick II at LoveToKnow]
* [http://www.thepeerage.com/p10098.htm thePeerage.com]