River Glaven

The River Glaven is 10½ miles long and flows through picturesque North Norfolk countryside. Rising from a tiny headwater in Bodham the river starts just 2 1/2 miles before Selbrigg Pond where three streams combine at the outfall. The scenic value of the Glaven valley is important to the tourist industry in North Norfolk.

Geography

The river has a catchment area of approximately 115 km² and from its source falls 50 metres to the present tidal limit at Cley sluice. The sub-surface geology is predominantly chalk and in parts of the lower valley the river runs over chalk beds. The land adjoining the river consists of a mixture of arable farm land and in the upper reaches near Edgefield, coniferous plantations. In the middle reaches there are grazing meadows and low-lying washlands especially below Glandford Mill. There are two major tributaries to the Glaven. Stody beck joins just above Hunworth Mill (Map Ref TG 066 356), and the Thornage Beck which joins close to the unbridged ford on the Thornage to Hunworth road (Map Ref TG 062 363).

Lakes and pools

There are three ‘on-stream’ lakes associated with the main channel, these being Hawksmere (Hempstead mill pond), Edgefield Hall Lake and Bayfield Hall Lake. The long, thin lake at Bayfield Hall in many ways epitomises the beauty of the lower Glaven valley. It was dug in the late eighteenth century for ornamental purposes. In the late nineteenth century an ‘extravaganza’ tunnel was built into the valley side so that the Glaven could be partly diverted around the lake. This tunnel remains operational.

Together the mills and on-stream lakes give the river a ‘stepped’ profile with, slower flowing ‘ponded’ sections upstream of these structures. Lower down the river at Glandford the river also pools just above the mill, a popular spot for the public.

Watermills

At the time of the Domesday book the River Glaven had 19 watermills. Today the Glaven has eight watermills: in order of river descent they areHempstead, Hunworth, Thornage, Letheringsett, Letheringsett Brewery mill and Glandford. One of them, Letheringsett, is still in use and is the only working mill in Norfolk. Here they grind corn to make flour which is on sale at the shop.

Wildlife

Water voles are present in the Glaven, in good numbers. Otters are difficult to see, but they make good use of the river. This could be one reason why mink are absent as otters are thought not to tolerate them. Both red deer and roe deer are seen. The bird population reflects the range of habitats available, and the total number of species present is around 126, of which 68 have bred (these figures do not include birds of the coastal wetlands north of the coast road (A 149) at Cley). Birds sen include kingfisher,barn owl, common buzzard and osprey. The latter uses the Glaven Valley as a flyway on its spring and autumn migration and it also sometimes stays to do fishing. Common buzzard breed in small but increasing numbers and can be seen wheeling overhead. Barn owls frequently hunt during daylight hours. As winter approaches flocks of pink footed geese and brent geese fly from the coast to feeding grounds on the farms inland.

Fish

Fish in the river include Three spined stickleback, Bull head ,Stone loach, Brown trout, Sea trout, Brook lamprey, Roach, Rudd, Perch, Eel, Pike, Gudgeon, Carp and Tench.

Insects & dragonflies

Some insects and dragonfly include Banded Demoiselle, Emerald Damselfly, Scarce Emerald Damselfly, Large Red Damselfly, Red-eyed Damselfly, Small Red-eyed Damselfly, Azure Damselfly , Common Blue Damselfly , Blue-tailed Damselfly , Migrant Hawker , Southern Hawker, Brown Hawker , Emperor Dragonfly , Four-spotted Chaser , Broad-bodied Chaser , Black-tailed Skimmer , Keeled Skimmer , Common Darter , Ruddy Darter , Common Hawker, Norfolk Hawker , Hairy Dragonfly, Red-veined Darter , Yellow-winged Darter , Black Darter and the Variable Damselfly.

mall mammals

Small mammals seen include Hedgehog, Mole, Common Shrew, Pygmy Shrew, Water Shrew, Noctule Bat, Pipistrelle Bat, Natterer’s Bat, Daubenton’s Bat, Rabbits, Brown Hares, Grey Squirrel, Bank Vole, Short-tailed Field Vole, Water Vole, Wood Mouse, House Mouse and the Brown Rat.

Larger mammals

Red Deer, Roe Deer, Muntjac, Red Fox, Badger, Otter, Stoat, Weasel and Feral cats.

Influenced by man

The River Glaven has been diverted round Selbrigg pond, and at Hempstead Mill building rubble has been dumped off the bridge into the river which interferes with the bedload size and shape, and disturbs the depth of the river.

Gallery

External links

* [http://www.letheringsettwatermill.co.uk/ Letheringsett watermill 1]
* [http://www.norfolkmills.co.uk/Watermills/letheringsett.html Letheringsett watermill 2]