Moskvitch

For other uses see: Moskvitch (disambiguation)

OAO Moskvitch

Type	Joint-stock
Industry	Automotive
Fate	Bankrupt since 2002 Dissolved in 2006
Predecessor	AZLK
Successor	None. Partial recuperation of former production factories by Avtoframos (Russian subsidiary of Renault) since 2008
Founded	1991
Headquarters	Moscow, Russia
Products	cars
Website	Official OAO "Moskvich" Website

Moskvitch (Russian: Москвич) (sometimes also written as Moskvich or Moskwitch) was an automobile brand from Russia produced by AZLK from 1945 to 1991 and by OAO Moskvitch from 1991 to 2002. The current article incorporates information about both the brand and the joint-stock successor of AZLK for the sake of simplicity.

OAO Moskvitch was a privatized venture name given to the former factory in order to avoid legal issues after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Since the factory had no assembly branches outside Russia after 1991, its name is largely used today to refer to the building located in Lower Eastern part of Moscow and abandoned since 2006.

The word moskvitch (Russian: москвич) itself translates as "(a) Muscovite" into English. It was used to point out the original location of the cars manufactured outside of Moscow.

Early history

In 1929 the construction of Moscow Automotive Plant began with initial production of 24,000 vehicles. In 1941 the plant was evacuated to Ural and the entire production converted for the manufacture of the military equipment at the dawn of World War II. After the war, the USSR brought an entire Opel manufacturing line from Brandenburg in Germany^{[citation needed]}. A factory called MZMA (Moskovsky Zavod Malolitrazhnykh Avtomobiley, that is, Moscow Compact Car Factory) started in 1947 to manufacture an automobile called Moskvitch 400 based on the Opel Kadett. Further models were developed by Soviet engineers. In 1969, the factory changed name to AZLK (Avtomobilny Zavod imeni Leninskogo Komsomola, which means Youth Communist League Car Factory).

Moskvitch cars were never meant to be a fashion statement^{[citation needed]}. They were sturdy, reliable on substandard roads and were offered at an affordable price. The 1960s and early 1970s were the glory days, when the cars were exported to many countries throughout the world. Demand always exceeded production, so people had to wait a long time for a new car. Until the 1980s all Moskvitch cars were compact rear-wheel drive saloons and estates with solid rear axles suspended by leaf springs.

The Moskvitch was also produced in Bulgaria (see Moskvitch (Bulgaria)) between 1966 and 1990 on the basis of complete knock down (CKD) kits.

Introduction of the Aleko

1986 saw the unveiling of a radically new (by Soviet standards) model, known as the Aleko-141. It was powered by the VAZ-2106 1.6L in-line four-cylinder engine, which had by then amassed an acceptable track record powering a number of LADA models. Aleko was a front-wheel drive hatchback different from any model the factory had made previously. It was larger and more luxurious, made with comfort, safety and aerodynamics in mind. The body was built on the basis of Simca 1307, while longitudinal engine placement and torsion-crank rear suspension and McPherson strut front suspension was inspired by Audi 80/100 family, while taking into account the larger size of the Moskvitch and Lada engines . The 1.8 liter gasoline engine for the new car was planned, but never materialized, as was also the case with a diesel version. The car was a major improvement over previous generations, but the fall of the centralised economy, below-par quality and inadequate management ultimately brought the factory to bankruptcy^{[citation needed]}.

The factory, which had been renamed to OAO Moskvitch (Moskvitch Joint Stock Company) in the early 1990s, filed for bankruptcy in 2002 and ceased production. The factory remains idle and abandoned, everything left as it was in 2002. Unfinished bodyshells remain on the production line in various stages of completion, while furniture, computers, office supplies, and documents remain in the plant's administration building. Several attempts to restart production have been made over the next 3 years, but none were successful.

Recently, a portion of the abandoned plant was acquired by OAO Avtoframos, a 38%-62% joint venture between the City of Moscow and French automaker Renault SA. In 2005, Avtoframos commenced assembly of Renault Logan sedans from imported complete knock-down kits (CKDs). The presence of Avtoframos brought new life to a small part of the facility, but the majority of the sprawling plant remains abandoned, apparently still owned by the dormant Moskvitch company.

The bankruptcy of OAO Moskvitch was officially announced in 2006 and the company was liquidated the following year.

Generations

First (1945—1956)

Moskvitch-400, nearly a copy of the Kadett K38

• Moskvitch 400/420 Flathead engine 23 hp(1946)
• Moskvitch 400/422 ("woodie" station wagon version of 400) (1949)
• Moskvitch 401/420 Flathead engine 26 hp(1954)
• Moskvitch 401/422 ("woodie" station wagon version of 401) (1954)
• Moskvitch 400/420 (4-door convertible, was priced below closed models, but anyway was not popular) (1949–52)

Second (1956—1965)

• 

  Moskvitch-407 with late-version eggcrate grille

• 

  Moskvitch-423, the first Soviet non-woodie station wagon (with pre-1958 grille bar)

• Moskvitch 402 (with modified Opel flathead engine 35 hp)(1956)
• Moskvitch 410 (four wheel drive version of 402 and 407) (1957)
• Moskvitch 411 (station wagon version of 410) (1958)
• Moskvitch 423 (M-402 station wagon form) (1957)
• Moskvitch 423 N (M - 407 station wagon form) (1958)
• Moskvitch 424 (M-403 station wagon form)
• Moskvitch 407 (45 hp OHV engine) (1958)
• Moskvitch 403 (45 hp OHV engine) (1962)

Third (1965—1986)

• 

  Moskvitch-408

• 

  Moskvitch-412 from the late 1960s and early 1970s

• 

  Moskvitch-2138/40

• Moskvitch 408 OHV 50 PS (37 kW; 49 hp) , modified 1360 cc 407-engine(1964)
• Moskvitch 426 (station wagon version of 408) (1966)
• Moskvitch 412 (1967) (latterly known as a Moskvitch 1500 for the Western export market)
• Moskvitch 427 (station wagon version of 412) (1967)
• Moskvitch 1360 (1970)
• Moskvitch 1500 (1970)
• Moskvitch 2136 (station wagon version of 2140, but with 408 engine) (1976)
• Moskvitch 2137 (station wagon version of 2140) (1976)
• Moskvitch 2138 (1976)
• Moskvitch 2140 (1976) (carried on the scheme of using the Moskvitch 1500 name for Western exports)
• Moskvitch 2140SL (1981) (Improved 2140, Super Lux was made for foreign markets)

Fourth (1986-2002)

• 

  Moskvitch-21412 with 1.5 L engine

• 

  Moskvitch-2142 with sedan body (not a serial car)

• Moskvitch 2141 Aleko (1986)
• Moskvitch 2142 (1997)
• Moskvitch Svjatogor (1997) (a name taken from Russian mythology)
• Dolgorukij (1997) (named after Yuri Dolgoruki, founder of Moscow)
• Kalita (1998) (named after Ivan Kalita, a 14th century Russian prince)
• Knjaz Vladimir (1998) (named after Prince Vladimir)
• Duet (1999)

Sport and racing cars

• Moskvitch 404 Sport (1950s)
• Moskvitch G1 (1951)
• Moskvitch G2
• Moskvitch G3 (1961)
• Moskvitch G4 (1963)
• Moskvitch G5 (1965)

Gallery

• 

  Moskvitch 1500 (export model) (rear view)

• 

  Moskvitch 2140

• 

  Moskvitch 400

• 

  Moskvitch 400

• 

  Moskvitch 4-Door Sedan

• 

  Moskvitch 403

• 

  1972 Moskvitch 427 estate (this year of this export model sold as a Moskvitch 1500)

• 

  Moskvitch 1500 (export model)

• 

  M-21412 alias M-2141S

• 

  M-21412 alias M-2141S

See also

• List of automobile manufacturers
• Automobile model numbering system in USSR and Russia

External links

• http://www.azlk.ru (in Russian, official factory website)
• http://alekohistory.narod.ru (in Russian, dedicated to Aleko-141)
• http://www.moskvich.de
• http://mzma.chat.ru/head.htm
• http://www.moskvichtuning.ru (tuning fan site)
• http://paxon.ru (Moskvitch 400-420 - plaster model cars)