Desmopressin

Desmopressin
Desmopressin
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(2S)-N-[(2R)-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-5-
(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-1-
[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S)-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-
(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-16-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-
6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-13-(phenylmethyl)1,2-dithia-
5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carbonyl]
pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
Clinical data
Trade names Ddavp, Stimate
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
Pregnancy cat. B2(AU) B(US)
Legal status POM (UK) -only (US)
Routes IV, IM, SC, intranasal, oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability Variable; 0.08–0.16% (oral)
Protein binding 50%
Half-life 1.5–2.5 hours
Excretion Renal
Identifiers
CAS number 16679-58-6 YesY
ATC code H01BA02
PubChem CID 5311065
DrugBank BTD00112
ChemSpider 10481973 YesY
UNII ENR1LLB0FP YesY
KEGG D00291 YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL376685 YesY
Chemical data
Formula C46H64N14O12S2 
Mol. mass 1069.22 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
 N(what is this?)  (verify)

Desmopressin (trade names: DDAVP, Stimate, Minirin) is a synthetic replacement for vasopressin, the hormone that reduces urine production. It may be taken nasally, intravenously, or as a tablet. Doctors prescribe Desmopressin most frequently for treatment of diabetes insipidus or sleep apnea.

Contents

Chemistry

Desmopressin (1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) is a modified form of the normal human hormone arginine vasopressin, a peptide containing nine amino acids.

Compared to vasopressin, desmopressin's first amino acid has been deaminated, and the arginine at the eighth position is in the dextro rather than the levo form (see stereochemistry).

Mode of action

Desmopressin works by limiting the amount of water that is eliminated in the urine.

Desmopressin binds to V2 receptors in renal collecting ducts, increasing water reabsorption. It also stimulates release of von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells due to stimulation of the V1a receptor.

Desmopressin is degraded more slowly than recombinant vasopressin, and requires less frequent administration. In addition, it has little effect on blood pressure, while vasopressin may cause arterial hypertension.

Clinical uses

Sleep Apnea

Doctors prescribe desmopressin frequently for treatment. It is usually in the form of Desmopressin acetate, DDAVP. Patients taking DDAVP are 4.5 times more likely to sleep without disruption than with placebo. [1] That said, the first-line treatment is usually mouthpiece. Drug therapy tends to have its place only when the mouthpiece system is impractical or not effective. [2] Examples of these situations are overnight camp and sleepovers.

US drug regulators banned treating sleep apnea with desmopressin nasal sprays after two patients died and 59 other patients suffered seizures. The patients were using desmopressin when they developed Hyponatremia, an imbalance of the body's sodium levels. [3]

FDA regulators said that desmopressin tablets could still be considered safe for Sleep Apnea treatment, as long as the patient was otherwise healthy. Patients must stop taking desmopressin if they become sick and have severe vomiting and diarrhea, fever, the flu, or severe cold. They should also be very cautious during hot weather or following strenuous exercise that may make them thirsty.

A healthy body needs to maintain a balance of water and salt (sodium). If sodium levels become too low (hyponatremia) – either as a result of increased water take-up or reduced salt levels – a person may have seizures and, in extreme cases, may die. [4]

Coagulation disorders

Desmopressin can be used to promote the release of von Willebrand factor (with subsequent increase in factor VIII survival secondary to vWF complexing) in patients with coagulation disorders such as von Willebrand disease, mild hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency), and thrombocytopenia. It can be used with uremic induced platelet dysfunction. It is not effective in the treatment of hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency), severe hemophilia A, or von Willebrand 2B.

Diabetes insipidus

Desmopressin is used in the treatment of central diabetes insipidus (DI), to replace endogenous ADH that is missing in the central nervous system type of this disorder (decreased production of ADH from hypothalamus). It is also used in the diagnostic workup for diabetes insipidus, in order to distinguish central from nephrogenic DI.

Side effects

References

Further reading

  • Leissinger C, Becton D, Cornell C Jr, Cox Gill J. High-dose DDAVP intranasal spray (Stimate) for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients with mild haemophilia A, mild or moderate type 1 von Willebrand disease and symptomatic carriers of haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2001;7:258-66. PMID 11380629.

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Desmopressin — Strukturformel …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • desmopressin — An analog of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) possessing powerful antidiuretic activity. d. acetate a synthetic analog of vasopressin and an antidiuretic ho …   Medical dictionary

  • desmopressin — n. a synthetic derivative of vasopressin that causes a decrease in urine output and is used to treat diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis. It is also effective in mild haemophilia and von Willebrand s disease. Side effects include stomach… …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • desmopressin acetate — /dez meuh pres in, dez /, Pharm. a vasopressin analogue, C46H64N14O12S2, used in the treatment of diabetes insipidus. [des(a)m(in)o , a component of its chemical name + (VASO)PRESSIN] * * * …   Universalium

  • desmopressin acetate — des·mo·pres·sin ace·tate (des″mo presґin) a potent synthetic analogue of vasopressin, used intranasally, orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously as an antidiuretic in the prophylaxis and treatment of central diabetes insipidus and in the… …   Medical dictionary

  • desmopressin acetate — /dez meuh pres in, dez /, Pharm. a vasopressin analogue, C46H64N14O12S2, used in the treatment of diabetes insipidus. [des(a)m(in)o , a component of its chemical name + (VASO)PRESSIN] …   Useful english dictionary

  • DDAVP — Desmopressin test for urine osmolality (Medical » Oncology) …   Abbreviations dictionary

  • Bettnässen — Klassifikation nach ICD 10 F98.0 Nichtorganische Enuresis R32 Nicht näher bezeichnete Harninkontinenz …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Bettnässer — Klassifikation nach ICD 10 F98.0 Nichtorganische Enuresis R32 Nicht näher bezeichnete Harninkontinenz …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Einnässen — Klassifikation nach ICD 10 F98.0 Nichtorganische Enuresis R32 Nicht näher bezeichnete Harninkontinenz …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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