Close-mid central rounded vowel

Close-mid central rounded vowel
Close-mid central rounded vowel
ɵ
IPA number 323
Encoding
Entity (decimal) ɵ
Unicode (hex) U+0275
X-SAMPA 8
Kirshenbaum @.<umd>
Sound

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The close-mid central rounded vowel, or high-mid central rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɵ. The symbol ɵ is a lowercase barred letter o, and should not be confused with the Greek letter theta (θ), which in IPA corresponds to a consonant sound, the voiceless dental fricative.

The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low", and these are the only terms found in introductory textbooks on phonetics such as those by Peter Ladefoged.

The symbol for the close-mid central rounded vowel may also be used with a lowering diacritic, [ɵ̞], to denote the mid central rounded vowel.

The character ɵ has been used in several Latin-derived alphabets such as the one for Janalif, but in that language it denotes a different sound than it does in the IPA. The character is homographic with Cyrillic Ө. The Unicode code point is U+019F Ɵ latin capital letter o with middle tilde (HTML: &#415; ).

Contents

Features

IPA vowel chart
Front Near-​front Central Near-​back Back
Close
Blank vowel trapezoid.svg
iy
ɨʉ
ɯu
ɪʏ
ʊ
eø
ɘɵ
ɤo
ɛœ
ɜɞ
ʌɔ
æ
aɶ
ä
ɑɒ
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded
This table contains phonetic symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers (Help).

IPA help • IPA key • chart • Loudspeaker.svg chart with audio • view
  • Its vowel height is close-mid, also known as high-mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a close vowel (a high vowel) and a mid vowel.
  • Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.
  • Its vowel roundedness is rounded, which means that the lips are rounded rather than relaxed or spread.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Chinese Cantonese /ceot7 [tsʰɵt˥] 'to go out' See Cantonese phonology
English some dialects cooperate [kʰɵˈɒpəɹeɪt] 'cooperate' Reduced /oʊ/ in dialects that retain rounding
Australian[1][2] bird [bɵːd] 'bird' See Australian English phonology
Geordie goat [ɡɵːt] 'goat' Corresponds to /oʊ/ in other dialects.
Mongolian[3] өгөх [ɵɡɵx] 'to give'
Russian тётя ['tʲɵtʲæ] 'aunt' See Russian phonology
Swedish dum [dɵmː] 'dumb' See Swedish phonology
Toda ? [pɵːr̘] 'name'

The Swedish [ɵ] is pronounced with compressed lips, more closely transcribed [ɵᵝ] or [ɘᵝ]. That of reduced English /oʊ/ is pronounced with protruded lips, more closely transcribed [ɵʷ] or [əʷ], though these could be misread as diphthongs. The type of rounding of [ɵ] in the other languages is not clear.

References

Bibliography


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