Fogo Island, Newfoundland

Fogo Island, the 2nd largest of Newfoundland's offshore islands, lies off the northeast coast near Lewisporte and Twillingate. The island is about 25 km long and 14 km wide. The total area is 237.71 km² (91.78 sq mi).

The Island consists of eleven communities and had a population of 2,706 people in the 2006 census.

The original settlement of the island took place in the 18th century and the area remained isolated well into the 20th century. The English and Irish descendants of the first inhabitants retained traces of their Elizabethan English and Old Irish dialects which can be heard on the Island today. The Island has many ancient folk customs brought from England and Ireland that are now disappearing.

History

Fogo Island is one of the oldest named features on the coast of Newfoundland. On early French maps (1500s-1700s) the island is referred to as "Ile des Fougues." The island may have been first named by Portuguese explorers and early fishing crews in the 1500s. Until 1783 Fogo Island was on an area of the coast called the "Silly Sleepy Head." Though English and Irish were not supposed to settle there, under the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht, they did settle, and by 1750 Fogo was a thriving part of the British mercantile system of fisheries, based out of West Country English towns such as Poole, in Dorset.

Tilting Harbour on Fogo Island is a National Cultural Landscape District of Canada and is also a Provincial Heritage District. Tilting is unique for its Irish culture and, some people say, its Irish dialect. The Irish Cemetery in Tilting may be the oldest in North America. The first Irish settled in Tilting in the 1750s, and uniquely for Newfoundland, Tilting evolved into an exclusively Irish and Catholic town by the 1780s.

Beothuk Indians traversed Fogo Island for many hundreds of years before Irish and English settlers arrived. The Beothuk pursued the seal and salmon fisheries in the area. They also travelled out to the Funk Islands to collect feathers from the birds there. In the early years of European settlement at Fogo, there were incidents of violence between the Beothuk and the Europeans. This contact ended around the year 1800 when the Beothuk became extinct.

Fogo Island, like most of the Newfoundland outports, was built upon the fishery. Until the widespread depletion of fish stocks in the 1990s, cod was king.

Fishing has always been a hard life. Before Confederation with Canada, the mercantile classes of St John's, Newfoundland became rich by holding a near-monopoly stranglehold on both the supply of goods to the Newfoundland outports and on the sale of fish from them.

In the early 20th century, the Fisherman's Protective Union was formed in an attempt to break this stranglehold. It was a form of co-operative with general stores owned by fishermen for fishermen. One of the Fishermen's Union stores still stands at Seldom-Come-By on Fogo Island, now open as a museum complete with general store, port installations, fishing implements and equipment for the manufacture of cod liver oil.

Crab and lobster fisheries have largely replaced the cod fishery; a fish-packing plant remains in operation in the town of Fogo.

A Marconi radio transmitting station was once operational atop a hill near the town of Fogo; operating with a spark-gap transmitter to establish maritime communications, the station was forced to close around the time that radio became common for household use as the spark-gap design generated unacceptable levels of radio interference. Efforts to rebuilt this station as a historic site commenced in 2002.

Communities

The eleven communities of Fogo Island are (with their 2006 census population):
*Stag Harbour 223 (2001 population)
*Seldom (together with Little Seldom) 444
*Little Seldom
*Island Harbour 185 (2001 population)
*Deep Bay 141 (2001 population)
*Fogo Island Central 15 (2001 population)
*Fogo 748
*Joe Batt's Arm (together with Barr'd Islands and Shoal Bay) 778
*Shoal Bay
*Barr'd Islands
*Tilting 248

Name

Fogo Island was once called Y del Fogo, meaning Isle of Fire. There are two theories for the name:

*Many accidental or natural forest fires destroyed the dense forests of the Northern part of the Island.

*Europeans continually saw the burning fires of the Beothuks, when they were visiting from across the Atlantic.

ee also

* Fishing stage
* List of communities in Newfoundland and Labrador
* Islands of Newfoundland and Labrador
* Newfoundland outport

External links

* [http://www.centralnewfoundland.com/fogo.php3 Central Newfoundland Tourism]
* [http://www.io.com/~sjohn/sandra/fogo.htm Sandra's Fogo Island Page]
* [http://www.wordplay.com/tourism/communities/ten_historic_towns/map8.html 10 Historic Towns]
* [http://www.nlpubliclibraries.ca/pages/hours.php?site_id=gfo Fogo Island Public Library]
* [http://www.gov.nf.ca/FerryServices/schedules/C-fogo.stm Ferry Schedule]
* [http://www.nfmuseum.com/977Ho.htm Archaeological Survey, 1997]
* [http://www.fica.k12.nf.ca/ Fogo Island Central Academy]

References

* [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1008021&Geo2=PR&Code2=10&Data=Count&SearchText=Fogo&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=10&B1=All&Custom= Community Profile: Fogo Town, Newfoundland and Labrador; Statistics Canada]
* [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1008022&Geo2=PR&Code2=10&Data=Count&SearchText=Joe%20Batt&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=10&B1=All&Custom= Community Profile: Joe Batt's Arm-Barr'd Islands-Shoal Bay Town, Newfoundland and Labrador; Statistics Canada]
* [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1008025&Geo2=PR&Code2=10&Data=Count&SearchText=Seldom&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=10&B1=All&Custom= Community Profile: Seldom-Little Seldom Town, Newfoundland and Labrador; Statistics Canada]
* [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1008023&Geo2=PR&Code2=10&Data=Count&SearchText=Tilting&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=10&B1=All&Custom= Community Profile: Tilting Town, Newfoundland and Labrador; Statistics Canada]
* [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1008020&Geo2=PR&Code2=10&Data=Count&SearchText=Fogo&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=10&B1=All&Custom= Community Profile: Fogo Island Region, Newfoundland and Labrador; Statistics Canada]
* [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/popdwell/Table-CD-DPL.cfm?T=2&PR=10&CD=1008&CSD=1008020&SR=1 Fogo Island Region designated places; Statistics Canada]