- Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory
The Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO) is a
radio astronomy observatory located in a natural bowl of hills atHartebeesthoek just south of theMagaliesberg mountain range,Gauteng province ,South Africa , about 50km west ofJohannesburg . It is a National Research Facility run by South Africa's National Research Foundation and is the only major radio astronomy observatory inAfrica .History
The observatory was originally named "Deep Space Station 51" and was built in
1961 by theNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In this role the station assisted in tracking many unmannedUnited States space missions, including the Ranger, Surveyor and Lunar Orbiter spacecraft (which landed on theMoon or mapped it from orbit), the Mariner missions (which explored the planetsVenus andMars ) and the Pioneer missions (which measured theSun 's winds).NASA withdrew from the station in
1975 , handing it over to South Africa'sCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), who converted to a radio astronomy observatory. In1988 the observatory became a National Facility operated by theFoundation for Research Development (FRD); in1999 the FRD was restructured as the National Research Foundation (NRF).The Radio Telescope
The observatory is equipped with a single 260
ton radio telescope with a main reflecting surfacediameter of 26metre s. The telescope is equipped withradio receivers operating in themicrowave band at wavelengths of 18cm, 13cm, 6cm, 5cm, 4.5cm, 3.5cm and 2.5cm.Research
HartRAO is mainly used for continuum
radiometry ,spectroscopy ,pulsar timing andinterferometry but also works together with radio telescopes on other continents as well as the orbiting radio telescopeHALCA in order to performVery Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI).HartRAO is an associate member of the
European VLBI Network , but also operates with theAustralia Telescope Long Baseline Array , theAsia-Pacific Telescope , the United States Very Long Baseline Array and the Global Array.HartRAO also runs a
Space Geodesy programme using VLBI,Satellite laser ranging and theGlobal Positioning System .The observatory also provides students and lecturers from South African universities the facilities and opportunities to perform research.
Involvement with the Karoo Array Telescope Project
The XDM, a prototype dish for the
MeerKAT radio telescope, has been constructed at HartRAO. The XDM dish design will first be used inKAT-7 , a seven-dish engineering testbed and science instrument to be built in Carnarvon in theNorthern Cape Province . KAT-7 will mark the first stage of MeerKAT development. MeerKAT, a 50+ dish system, will be built on the same site, and is projected to be operational by 2012.External links
* [http://www.hartrao.ac.za/ Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory Website]
* [http://www.ska.ac.za/ SKA (Square Kilometre Array) Website]
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