- Heinrich Laufenberg
Heinrich Laufenberg (1872 - 1932) was a leading German
communist and is claimed as a forerunner ofNational Bolshevism . He lived inHamburg from 1908. In 1909 he moved from the Catholic Party to theSPD . OnNovember 30 1918 , during theGerman Revolution , he was elected President of the Council of the Workmen and Soldiers ofHamburg .With
Fritz Wolffheim , he was involved in theHamburg branch of theCommunist Party of Germany , but began to call for a "national communism", with close collaboration between theworking class and themiddle class es a and a peaceful transition toSocialism , led by theproletariat and in close alliance with theSoviet Union , would rebuild itself militarily and wage war on the Allied powers in order to restore German prestige. Laufenberg was immediately condemned byKarl Radek as a "national Bolshevik", whilstVladimir Lenin joined in the condemnation in 1920 when he accused Laufenberg of seeking a war coalition with the Germanbourgeoisie (V. I. Lenin, "Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 41, mai–noiabr’ 1920").Laufenberg went on to become a founder member of the
Communist Workers Party of Germany (KAPD), although hisnationalist ideas were condemned at the Party's founding conference inHeidelberg . While neither he nor Wolffheim were expelled, they were asked to leave, which they did.Laufenberg also wrote under the name Karl Erler and is referred to by Lenin under this name in his writings.
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