Knee pain

Knee pain

Knee pain is a common complaint for many people. There are several factors that can cause knee pain. Awareness and knowledge of knee pain causes lead to faster diagnosis and treatment. Knee pain can be related to knee joint or around the knee.

Contents

Knee joint

The knee joint consists of three bones: the femur, tibia, and patella. There are three compartments to the knee. The main joint of the knee is called tibiofemoral joint that includes the medial and lateral compartments. The patella and the femur form the patellofemoral joint. This is the third compartment of the knee.

Injuries

Some common injuries include:

  • Strain (Muscle strain)
    • Quadriceps muscles
    • Hamstring muscles
    • Popliteal muscle
    • Patellar tendon
    • Hamstring tendon
    • Popliteal tendon
  • Hemarthrosis. Hemarthrosis tends to develop over a relatively short period after injury, from several minutes to a few hours.[1]

Diseases

Some of the diseases of cause of knee pain include:

Inflammations

Deformities

Common deformities of the knee include:

Syndromes

Fractures

Dislocations

  • Patella dislocation
  • Knee joint dislocation (Tibiofemoral joint dislocation)

Referred knee pain

Referred pain is that pain perceived at a site different from its point of origin but innervated by the same spinal segment.[2] Sometimes knee pain may be related to another area from body. For example, knee pain can come from ankle, foot, hip joints or lumbar spine.

Cold-induced

A Chinese study came to the result that knee pain is significantly more prevalent in people working in cold stores than in those in normal temperature.[3]

One study came to the result that 17% of adolescents with anterior knee pain (a common but benign self-limiting condition) report that their pain is associated with cold weather.[4] The same study indicated that the main activities associated with anterior knee pain are sporting, stair climbing and walking, but also sitting.[4] Some people with anterior knee pain tend to have generally colder knees, and such people also trend towards having to wear extra tights/long johns in the winter.[5]

Cold-induced knee pain may also be due to tenosynovitis of the tendons around the knee, in which cold exposure has a specific role, either as a causative or a contributing factor.[3] Frank arthritis has been reported in children due to frostbite from extreme cold causing direct chondrocyte injury.[6]

There is also a hereditary disease, familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), which often features knee pain, in addition to hives, fever and pain in other joints, following general exposure to cold.[7]

Cold weather also aggravates knee pain in patients already having osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia.[8]

Other causes

References

  1. ^ Darlene Hertling and Randolph M.Kessler. Management of Common Musculoskeletal Disorders. Third Edition. ISBN 0-397-55150-9
  2. ^ Carol Mattson Porth. Pathophysiology:concepts of altered health states. Publisher:Lippincott. Third Edition. Page 853. ISBN 0-397-54723-4
  3. ^ a b Pienimäki, T (2002). "Cold exposure and musculoskeletal disorders and diseases. A review". International journal of circumpolar health 61 (2): 173–82. PMID 12078965.  edit [1]
  4. ^ a b [2] Sandow, MJ; Goodfellow, JW (1985). "The natural history of anterior knee pain in adolescents". The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume 67 (1): 36–8. PMID 3968140.  edit
  5. ^ Selfe, J.; Sutton, C.; Hardaker, N. J.; Greenhalgh, S.; Karki, A.; Dey, P. (2010). "Anterior knee pain and cold knees: A possible association in women". The Knee 17 (5): 319. doi:10.1016/j.knee.2009.10.005. PMID 19884010.  edit
  6. ^ Carrera, G. F.; Kozin, F.; McCarty, D. J. (1979). "Arthritis after frostbite injury in children". Arthritis & Rheumatism 22: 1082. doi:10.1002/art.1780221006.  edit
  7. ^ clinicaltrials.gov > Pathogenesis of Physical Induced Urticarial Syndromes National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC), December 2010
  8. ^ Arthritis Special Report - Does Weather Affect Arthritis Pain? From Johns Hopkins Health Alerts, Johns Hopkins Hospital

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