Turkish+emperor
51Crusades — a series of military expeditions between the 11th and 14th centuries, in which armies from the Christian countries of Europe tried to get back the Holy Land (= what is now Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Egypt) from the Muslims. The soldiers who… …
52Historical powers — include great powers, nations, or empires in history. The term Great power represent the most important world powers. In a modern context, recognised great powers came about first in Europe during the post Napoleonic era.[1] The formalization of… …
53History of the Eastern Orthodox Church — The Eastern Orthodox Churches trace their roots back to the Apostles and Jesus Christ. Eastern Orthodoxy reached its golden age during the high point of the Byzantine Empire, and then continued to flourish in Russia after the Fall of… …
54Europe, history of — Introduction history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …
55Greece, history of — ▪ Byzantine to modern Introduction history of the area from the Byzantine (Byzantine Empire) period, beginning about AD 300, to the present. For earlier periods, see Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; and Hellenistic Age.… …
56JERUSALEM — The entry is arranged according to the following outline: history name protohistory the bronze age david and first temple period second temple period the roman period byzantine jerusalem arab period crusader period mamluk period …
57Hagia Sophia — For other uses, see Hagia Sophia (disambiguation). Aghia Sophia redirects here. For the steamship, see SS Aghia Sophia. Hagia Sophia Ayasofya (Turkish) Ἁγία Σοφία (Greek) Sancta Sophia (Latin) …
58World War I — the war fought mainly in Europe and the Middle East, between the Central Powers and the Allies, beginning on July 28, 1914, and ending on November 11, 1918, with the collapse of the Central Powers. Abbr.: WWI Also called Great War, War of the… …
59Constantinople — • Capital, formerly of the Byzantine, now of the Ottoman, Empire (As of 1908, when the article was written.) Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Constantinople Constantinople …
60HERZL, THEODOR — (Binyamin Ze ev; 1860–1904), founder of political Zionism and the World Zionist Organization. Herzl was born in Budapest, Hungary, to an affluent family and educated in the spirit of German Jewish enlightenment. In 1878 he entered the law faculty …
