Logician
71empiricism — empiricist, n., adj. /em pir euh siz euhm/, n. 1. empirical method or practice. 2. Philos. the doctrine that all knowledge is derived from sense experience. Cf. rationalism (def. 2). 3. undue reliance upon experience, as in medicine; quackery. 4 …
72positivism — positivist, adj., n. positivistic, adj. positivistically, adv. /poz i teuh viz euhm/, n. 1. the state or quality of being positive; definiteness; assurance. 2. a philosophical system founded by Auguste Comte, concerned with positive facts and… …
73pragmatism — pragmatistic, adj. /prag meuh tiz euhm/, n. 1. character or conduct that emphasizes practicality. 2. a philosophical movement or system having various forms, but generally stressing practical consequences as constituting the essential criterion… …
74Leśniewski, Stanisław — or Stanisław Leshniewski born March 30, 1886, Serpukhov, Russia died May 13, 1939, Warsaw Polish logician and mathematician. As a professor at the University of Warsaw (1919–39), he became a cofounder and leading representative of the Warsaw… …
75Kripke, Saul — ▪ American logician and philosopher Introduction in full Saul Aaron Kripke born Nov. 13, 1940, Bay Shore, Long Island, N.Y., U.S. American logician and philosopher who from the 1960s was one of the most powerful thinkers in Anglo American… …
76Lewis, C.I. — ▪ American philosopher and logician in full Clarence Irving Lewis born April 12, 1883, Stoneham, Mass., U.S. died Feb. 3, 1964, Cambridge, Mass. American logician, epistemologist, and moral philosopher. Educated at Harvard… …
77Turing, Alan M. — ▪ English mathematician Introduction in full Alan Mathison Turing born June 23, 1912, London, England died June 7, 1954, Wilmslow, Cheshire British mathematician and logician, who made major contributions to mathematics, cryptanalysis… …
78Many-valued logic — In logic, a many valued logic (also multi or multiple valued logic) is a propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values. Traditionally, in Aristotle s logical calculus, there were only two possible values (i.e., true and… …
79Boethius: from antiquity to the Middle Ages — John Marenbon Boethius is a difficult figure to place in the history of philosophy. Considered just in himself, he clearly belongs to the world of late antiquity. Born in 480, at a time when Italy was ruled by the Ostrogoths under their king,… …
80Ockham’s world and future — Arthur Gibson PHILOSOPHICAL BIOGRAPHY Ockham was born in about 1285, certainly before 1290, probably in the village of Ockham, Surrey, near London. If his epitaph is accurate, he died on 10 April 1347. Yet Conrad of Megenberg, when writing to… …
