Alcanar

Infobox City Spain
native_name = Alcanar
native_language = Catalan
spanish_name = Alcanar
founded = 1252
lat_long = coord|40|35|43|N|0|34|14|E|display=inline,title|region:ES-56_source:dewiki
image_city_

image_city_map_caption = Location of Alcanar in Montsià
postal_code = 43530
website = http://www.alcanar.org/
community = Catalonia
community_link = Catalonia
province = Tarragona
province_link = Tarragona
area = 47.1
altitude = 72
population = 9,969cite web |url=http://www.idescat.net/territ/BasicTerr?TC=3&V0=1&PDF=FALSE&V1=43004 |title=Idescat: Alcanar |publisher=Idescat |accessdate=2008-05-19 |language=Catalan ]
date-population = 2007
density = 211.66
date-density = 2007

Alcanar is a municipality of the Catalan district of Montsià. According to data from 2006 its population is 9,620 inhabitants, although this increased the next year, to 9,969. It is the southernmost town in Catalonia, located on the border with Valencia. It includes the old fishing village of Las Casas de Alcanar, as well as most of Selleta and Alcanar Beach.

History

It was not until the fifteenth century that Alcanar was incorporated as an independent town, but the town has been populated for a long time before then. From 1148 the town was part of the municipality of Ulldecona. [ cite web|url=http://www.turisme.alcanar.org/en/p_historia.htm |title=Alcanar - Jardí vora Mar - Història i Monuments |publisher=www.turisme.alcanar.org |accessdate=2008-05-24 ] After it was granted independence, it received the name of the Canar, which originates from "republic of its inhabitants".

The original charter was granted in February of 1239, but as the stability of this settlement did not arrive until it was granted a new charter in 1252, [cite web |url=http://www.turisme.alcanar.org/en/p_historia.htm |title=Alcanar - Jardí vora Mar - Història i Monuments |publisher=www.turisme.alcanar.org |accessdate=2008-05-24 ] [cite web |url=http://www.alcanar.org/niv1.php?id=2 |title=Alcanar |publisher=www.alcanar.org |accessdate=2008-05-24 ] that date is regarded as the real foundation of the town. In 1380, the village already contained thirty families, and they were subjected to various attacks by Saracen pirates, which led to the construction of a lookout tower in the fourteenth century. As a precaution, the town was fortified and walled. In 1449, the town became independent of Ulldecona.cite web |url=http://www.enciclopedia.cat/fitxa_v2.jsp?NDCHEC=0001973&SFR=1 |title=Alcanar |publisher=Enciclopedia.cat |accessdate=2008-05-19 |language=Catalan ]

During the war against John II of Castile, the town was occupied by troops of the king, who burned the town. During the reign of Philip II, various defence towers were built to cope with attacks by Turkish pirates, and Alcanar was again fortified.

In the Catalan Revolt of 1640-59, the town remained loyal to the king of Castile, which led to occupation of the city by Catalan troops. A similar event occurred during the Peninsular War. Later, during the First Carlist War, there was a siege of the city. The city was captured and looted by Carlist troops who held a strong position in the town for a time.

Culture

The Alcan parish church dedicated to Saint Miguel is a major feature of the municipality. The church is built in the Renaissance style, with a single nave and side chapels; it originally consisted of four bays with a semicircular apse, which disappeared in some nineteenth century rebuilding. It was then expanded with a transept, dome base and a presbytery. It currently measures 19 metres wide with a total height of 16 metres. The access door is a half-point arc and is framed by two columns, and at the top are three niches framed by a triangular pediment. The belltower has a square base and windows on each side.

On the outskirts of the village is a shrine devoted to the Mare de Déu del Remei. It was built in the late sixteenth century and early seventeenth in a Gothic style. In the eighteenth century, a belltower, a crossing and a dome were added and the interior was expanded. Next to the shrine is the building of the former guest house in which retains a mosaic that represents the battle of Lepanto. The mosaic was part of the floor of the chapel until it was removed in the early nineteenth century, and as a result is very deteriorated. The image is venerated at the shrine is a small class of about 60 centimeters of the eighteenth century. The temple interior is decorated with a series of paintings made in 1920. The former altar pieces and part of the decoration were destroyed in 1936.

Along the coast are the defence towers, which were built between 1530 and 1630 to fend off pirates. They are all square, with door with voussoir, floor and vault. Most of them have been renovated, and are now used as houses or summer residences.

Economy and tourism

The tourism and second homes are a prominent factor in the Alcan economy. Near the Alcanar Beach, many housing developments have been built that increase the number of tourists during the summer months. One of the oldest summer residences is known as Clos de Codorniu, and once was home to King Alfonso XIII of Spain. It also has several hotels and campsites and other facilities designed to cater to tourism.

Agricultural activity continues to develop in the northern town, the furthest from the coast, mainly growing crops of oranges and clementines. Fishing remains important in Alcanar's smaller villages, and they are especially dedicated to catching prawns.

References