Timeline of major famines in India during British rule (1765 to 1947)

Timeline of major famines in India during British rule (1765 to 1947)

This is a timeline of major famines on the Indian subcontinent during the years of British rule in India from 1765 to 1947. The famines included here occurred both in the "princely states" (regions administered by Indian rulers) and "British India" (regions administered either by the British East India Company from 1765 to 1857, or by the British Crown, in the British Raj, from 1858 to 1947). The year 1765 is chosen as the start year because that year the British East India Company, after its victory in the Battle of Buxar, was granted the "Diwani" (rights to land revenue) in the region of Bengal (although it would not directly administer Bengal until 1784 when it was granted the "Nizamat", or control of law and order.) The year 1947 is the year in which the British Raj was dissolved and the new successor states of Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan were born.

Timeline

Notes

References

Famines

*Harvard reference | last = Ambirajan | first = S. | title = Malthusian Population Theory and Indian Famine Policy in the Nineteenth Century | year = 1976 | journal = Population Studies | volume = 30 | issue = 1 | pages = 5-14
*Harvard reference | last1 = Arnold | first1 = David | last2 = Moore | first2 = R. I. | title = Famine: Social Crisis and Historical Change (New Perspectives on the Past) | year = 1991 | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell. Pp. 164 | isbn = 0631151192
*Harvard reference | last = Bhatia | first = B. M. | title = Famines in India: A Study in Some Aspects of the Economic History of India With Special Reference to Food Problem, 1860–1990 | year = 1991 | publisher = Stosius Inc/Advent Books Division. Pp. 383 | isbn = 8122002110
*Harvard reference | last = Dutt | first = Romesh Chunder | title = Open Letters to Lord Curzon on Famines and Land Assessments in India | year = 1900 (reprinted 2005) | publisher = London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd (reprinted by Adamant Media Corporation) | isbn = 1402151152
*Harvard reference | last = Dyson | first = Tim | year = 1991 | title = On the Demography of South Asian Famines: Part I | journal = Population Studies | volume = 45 | issue = 1 | pages = 5-25 | url = http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-4728%28199103%2945%3A1%3C5%3AOTDOSA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V
*Harvard reference | last = Dyson | first = Tim | year = 1991 | title = On the Demography of South Asian Famines: Part II | journal = Population Studies | volume = 45 | issue = 2 | pages = 279-297 | url = http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-4728%28199107%2945%3A2%3C279%3AOTDOSA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S
*Harvard reference | last = Dyson | first = Time (ed.) | title = India's Historical Demography: Studies in Famine, Disease and Society | year = 1989 | publisher = Riverdale MD: The Riverdale Company. Pp. ix, 296
*Harvard reference | last = Famine Commission | first = | year = 1880 | title = Report of the Indian Famine Commission, Part I | publisher = Calcutta
*Harvard reference | last = Ghose | first = Ajit Kumar | title = Food Supply and Starvation: A Study of Famines with Reference to the Indian Subcontinent | year = 1982 | journal = Oxford Economic Papers, New Series | volume = 34 | issue = 2 | pages = 368-389
*Harvard reference | last = Government of India | first = | year = 1867 | title = Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Enquire into the Famine in Bengal and Orissa in 1866, Volumes I, II | publisher = Calcutta
*Harvard reference | last = Grada | first = Oscar O. | title = Markets and famines: A simple test with Indian data | journal = Economic Letters | volume = 57 | year = 1997 | pages = 241-244
*Harvard reference | last = Grove | first = Richard H. | title = The Great El Nino of 1789–93 and its Global Consequences: Reconstructing an Extreme Climate Even in World Environmental History | journal = The Medieval History Journal | year = 2007 | volume = 10 | issue = 1&2 | pages = 75-98 | url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097194580701000203
*Harvard reference | last = Hall-Matthews | first = David | title = Inaccurate Conceptions: Disputed Measures of Nutritional Needs and Famine Deaths in Colonial India | journal = Modern Asian Studies | year = 2008 | volume = 42 | issue = 1 | pages = 1-24 | url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X07002892
*Harvard reference | last = Hardiman | first = David | title = Usuary, Dearth and Famine in Western India | year = 1996 | journal = Past and Present | issue = 152 | pages = 113-156
*Harvard reference | last = Hill | first = Christopher V. | title = Philosophy and Reality in Riparian South Asia: British Famine Policy and Migration in Colonial North India | journal = Modern Asian Studies | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | year = 1991 | pages = 263-279
*Harvard reference | last = Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III | first =
title = The Indian Empire, Economic (Chapter X: Famine, pp. 475–502 | publisher = Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxx, 1 map, 552. | year = 1907
*Harvard reference | last = Klein | first = Ira | title = Death in India, 1871-1921 | journal = The Journal of Asian Studies | volume = 32 | issue = 4 | year = 1973 | page = 639-659
*Harvard reference | last = McAlpin | first = Michelle B. | title = Famines, Epidemics, and Population Growth: The Case of India | year = 1983 | journal = Journal of Interdisciplinary History | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 351-366
*Harvard reference | last = McAlpin | first = Michelle B. | title = Dearth, Famine, and Risk: The Changing Impact of Crop Failures in Western India, 1870–1920 | year = 1979 | journal = The Journal of Economic History | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 143-157
*Harvard reference | last1 = McGregor | first1 = Pat | last2 = Cantley | first2 = Ian | title= A Test of Sen's Entitlement Hypothesis | year = 1992 | journal = The Statistician | volume = 41 | issue = 3 Special Issue: Conference on Applied Statistics in Ireland, 1991 | pages = 335-341 | url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2348558.pdf
*Harvard reference | last1 = Mellor | first1 = John W. | last2 = Gavian | first2 = Sarah | title = Famine: Causes, Prevention, and Relief | journal = Science (New Series) | year = 1987 | volume = 235 | issue = 4788 | pages = 539-545 | url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1698676.pdf
*Harvard reference | last = Owen | first = Nicholas | title = The British Left and India: Metropolitan Anti-Imperialism, 1885–1947 (Oxford Historical Monographs) | year = 2008 | publisher = Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. 300 | isbn = 0199233012
*Harvard reference | last = Sen | first = A. K. | title = Starvation and Exchange Entitlements: A General Approach and its Application to the Great Bengal Famine | year = 1977 | journal = Cambridge Journal of Economics
*Harvard reference | last = Sen | first = A. K. | title = Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation | publisher = Oxford: Clarendon Press. Pp. ix, 257 | year = 1982 | isbn = 0198284632
*Harvard reference | last = Stone | first = Ian | title = Canal Irrigation in British India: Perspectives on Technological Change in a Peasant Economy (Cambridge South Asian Studies) | publisher = Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 389 | isbn = 0521526639

Epidemics and Public Health

*Harvard reference
last1 = Banthia
first1 = Jayant
last2 = Dyson
first2 = Tim
year = 1999
title = Smallpox in Nineteenth-Century India
journal = Population and Development Review
volume = 25
issue = 4
pages = 649-689
doi = 10.2307/172481
*Harvard reference
last = Caldwell
first = John C.
year = 1998
title = Malthus and the Less Developed World: The Pivotal Role of India
journal = Population and Development Review
volume = 24
issue = 4
pages = 675-696
doi = 10.2307/2808021
*Harvard reference
last1=Drayton
first1=Richard
last2=
first2=
chapter=Science, Medicine, and the British Empire
pages = 264-276
date=
year=2001
editor1-last=Winks
editor1-first=Robin
editor2-last=
editor2-first=
title=Oxford History of the British Empire: Historiography
volume=
place=
publisher=Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press
publication-year=2001
isbn=0199246807
*Harvard reference
last = Derbyshire
first = I. D.
year = 1987
title = Economic Change and the Railways in North India, 1860-1914
journal = Population Studies
volume = 21
issue = 3
pages = 521-545
doi = 10.2307/312641
*Harvard reference
last = Klein
first = Ira
year = 1988
title = Plague, Policy and Popular Unrest in British India
journal = Modern Asian Studies
volume = 22
issue = 4
pages = 723-755
doi = 10.2307/312523
*Harvard reference
last = Watts
first = Sheldon
year = 1999
title = British Development Policies and Malaria in India 1897-c. 1929
journal = Past and Present
volume =
issue = 165
pages = 141-181
doi = 10.2307/651287
*Harvard reference
last1=Wylie
first1=Diana
last2=
first2=
chapter=Disease, Diet, and Gender: Late Twentieth Century Perspectives on Empire
pages = 277-289
date=
year=2001
editor1-last=Winks
editor1-first=Robin
editor2-last=
editor2-first=
title=Oxford History of the British Empire: Historiography
volume=
place=
publisher=Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press
publication-year=2001
isbn=0199246807

ee also

*Famines, Epidemics, and Public Health in the British Raj
*British Raj
*Company rule in India
*Famine in India
*Drought in India
*List of famines


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