In Good King Charles's Golden Days

Infobox Play
name = In Good King Charles's Golden Days


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writer = George Bernard Shaw
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characters = Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland Queen Catherine of Braganza
King Charles II
George Fox
Godfrey Kneller
Isaac Newton
Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth
Nell Gwynn
mute =
setting =
premiere = 12 August 1939
place = Malvern Festival Theatre, UK
orig_lang = English
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"In Good King Charles's Golden Days" is a play by George Bernard Shaw, subtitled "A True History that Never Happened".

It was written in 1938-39 as an "educational history film" for film director Gabriel Pascal in the aftermath of "Pygmalion"'s cinema triumph. The cast of the proposed film were to be sumptuously clothed in 17th century costumes, far beyond the resources of most theatre managements.

But by the time of its completion in May 1939 it had turned into a Shavian Restoration comedy. ["Bernard Shaw, Volume 3: The Lure of Fantasy" by Michael Holroyd, Chatto and Windus, London (1991) ISBN 0701133511]

Plot

A discussion play, the issues of nature, power and leadership are debated between King Charles II ('Mr Rowley'), Isaac Newton, George Fox and the artist Godfrey Kneller, with interventions by three of the king's mistresses (Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland; Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth; and Nell Gwynn) and his queen, Catherine of Braganza.

Original production

Billed as 'A history lesson in three scenes by Bernard Shaw', the first production was at the Malvern Festival Theatre on 12 August 1939, directed by H K Ayliff and designed by Paul Shelving.

Cast:
*Mrs Basham: Isobel Thornton
*Sally: Betty Marsden
*Isaac Newton: Cecil Trouncer
*George Fox: Herbert Lomas
*Mr Rowley (King Charles II): Ernest Thesiger
*Nell Gwynn: Eileen Beldon
*Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland; Daphne Heard
*Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth: Ina de la Haye
*James, Duke of York: William Hutchison
*Godfrey Kneller: Alec Clunes
*Queen Catherine of Braganza: Violet Vanbrugh

Ayliff's production first transferred to the Streatham Hill Theatre on 15 April 1940, then to the New Theatre in London on 9 May 1940.

James Agate, writing for "The Sunday Times", noted that the play was the best to have "come from the Shavian loom since "Methuselah".

Revivals

Ernest Thesiger, who again played 'Mr Rowley', revived the play at the Malvern Festival on 11 August 1949. It was also revived at the Malvern Festival Theatre in 1983.

The first North American production was on 24 January 1957 at the Downtown Theater on New York's East 4th Street, where it ran for two nearly two years, one of the longest runs of any Shaw play in the USA (as noted by Lawrence Langner).

References

*"In Good King Charles's Golden Days" by Bernard Shaw, with 12 text illustrations by Feliks Topolski, Constable, London (1939)
*"File on Shaw", compiled by Margery Morgan, Methuen, London (1989) ISBN 0413152804
*"Bernard Shaw", a biography by Michael Holroyd in five volumes, Chatto and Windus (1988-1992)
*Shaw's preface to the play, first published in the collected edition of "Geneva, Cymbeline Refinished" and "In Good King Charles's Golden Days", Constable (1947)
*"Bernard Shaw: The Complete Prefaces", volume III, 1930-1950, edited by Dan H Laurence and Daniel J Leary, Allen Lane, The Penguin Press (1997) ISBN 0713990589