Valenciennes lace

Valenciennes lace is a type of bobbin lace which originated in Valenciennes, in the Nord département of France, and flourished from about 1705 to 1780."Valenciennes." "The Oxford English Dictionay". 2nd ed. 1989.] cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Valenciennes lace |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074691/Valenciennes-lace |accessdate=2008-05-10 |edition=online] Later production moved to Belgium in and around Ypres.cite book|last=Sharp|first=Mary|coauthors=|editor=|title=Point and Pillow Lace|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=SjVqcPZF30cC&pg=PA105&dq=Valenciennes+lace&lr=&as_brr=3&client=opera&sig=UqxXFStcLAd6tp7iRcZlt4xTr9s|accessdate=2008-05-10|year=2007|month=March|publisher=Herron Press|isbn=1406745626|pages=pp.102-106|quote=] The industry continued onto the 19th century on a diminished scale. By the 19th century valenciennes lace could be made by machine.cite book|last=Haugland|first=Kristina|coauthors=|editor=|title=Grace Kelly: Icon of Style to Royal Bride|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JE5ITOBYBJUC&pg=PT55&dq=Valenciennes+lace&client=opera&sig=hzoM-TOtQL13VZ5dCjc0SHqlLxk|accessdate=2008-05-10|year=2006|month=May|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0300116446|pages=p.48|quote=]

Valenciennes lace is made on a lace pillow in one piece, with the "réseau" (the net-like ground) being made at the same time as the "toilé" (the pattern). It differentiates itself from other types of lace because the openess of the "réseau", the closeness and evenness of the "toilé", which resembles cambric, and that it lacks any "cordonnet" (a loosely spun silk cord used to outline and define the pattern).cite book|last=Powys|first=Marian|title=Lace and Lace Making|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2G1sifycRUAC&pg=PA3&dq=making+Valenciennes+lace&lr=&as_brr=3&client=opera&sig=dmJ3lVQ2-d1avX25IA41pBPWuyU|accessdate=2008-05-10|year=2002|month=March|publisher=Dover Publications|isbn=0486418111|pages=pp.27-29] Also, in real Flemish Valenciennes lace there are no twisted sides to the mesh; all are closely plaited, and as a rule the shape of the mesh is diamond but without the openings.cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica|title=Lace|edition= 11th|]

The "réseau" ground is made of four threads braided together, with eight threads at the crosses,cite book|last=Powys|first=Marian|title=Lace and Lace Making|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2G1sifycRUAC&pg=PA3&dq=making+Valenciennes+lace&lr=&as_brr=3&client=opera&sig=dmJ3lVQ2-d1avX25IA41pBPWuyU|accessdate=2008-05-10|year=2002|month=March|publisher=Dover Publications|isbn=0486418111|pages=p.20] which makes it very strong and firm. This is simpler and easier to make than the ground for Mechlin lace, though similar in appearance.

Valenciennes lace received an impetus in the seventeenth century, when the Scheldt was channelled for river navigation between Cambrai and Valenciennes, benefiting the export of Valenciennes' wool, fabric and fine arts. To use up flax yarn, women began to make the famous Valenciennes lace. Early Valenciennes lace was grounded with fancy mesh which was thicker and closer than the open "réseau" used later. The more open version was developed in Valenciennes, and thus the type of lace became known under the name of the town. The open mesh started to evolve in the 18th century and by the 19th century the characteristic ground made of four braided threads was in use. By the 1900s little of the famous lace was still made in Valenciennes.cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica|title=Valenciennes|edition= 11th|]

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