Brute Force (film)

Infobox_Film
name = Brute Force


caption = lobby card
image_size = 225px
director = Jules Dassin
producer = Mark Hellinger
writer = Screenplay: Richard Brooks Story: Robert Patterson
starring = Burt Lancaster Hume Cronyn Charles Bickford
music = Miklós Rózsa
cinematography = William Daniels
editing = Edward Curtiss
distributor = Universal
released = June 30 fy|1947 "(US)"
runtime = 98 minutes
country = FilmUS
language = English
budget =
gross =
imdb_id = 0039224|

"Brute Force" (1947) is a brooding, brutal film noir. This prison movie, directed by Jules Dassin, was shot in black and white and is unusual for the time in the level of violence it depicted. The dialogue is by screenwriter and director Richard Brooks and the cinematography was by William H. Daniels. [imdb title|id=0039224|title=Brute Force.]

Dassin was an innovative director who between 1947-1950 made many harsh and visually innovative "noirs" including "Thieves' Highway", "Night and the City" and "The Naked City" movies that captured the cynicism and malaise of an America whose foundations had been rocked by World War II.

Plot

The film opens on a dark, rainy morning. Prisoners of Westgate Prison are crammed four into a small cell watch out the window as Joe Collins (Burt Lancaster) leaves his term in solitary confinement. Joe comes out angry, and talking about escape. The warden is under pressure to improve discipline. The prison doctor warns that the prison is a powder keg and could explode if they are not careful, not to mention that there is little rehabilitation going on.

Joe's attorney comes to visit and tells Joe his wife Ruth (Ann Blyth) is not willing to go forward with an operation unless Joe is there with her. Her life is at risk if she does not have surgery (cancer). Joe asks his attorney to get some cash together and have it at his office. In the machine shop the prisoners plan to attack Wilson at 10:30. While other prisoners cause a commotion, Wilson is pushed into a compactor and killed. Not coincidentally, Joe is in the doctors office when the murder takes place.

Joe presses Gallagher (Charles Bickford) to help him escape but Gallagher has a good job in the prison and could get a parole. But after instigating a prisoner suicide, the administration revokes prisoner privileges and cancels parole hearings. Gallagher decides breaking out with Joe may be a good idea after all. Joe and Gallagher plan an assault on the tower where they can get access to the lever that lowers a bridge they have to cross to escape.

While the escape plan is taking shape, the cons in cell R17 each tell a story, via flashback, about how being in love somehow got them all in trouble with the law. Standing in the way of the prison break is a sadistic prison guard (Hume Cronyn). When the break goes bad the normally subdued prison yard turns into a violent and bloody riot.

Background

The direct inspiration for the unremitting desperate violence was the recent "Battle of Alcatraz" (May 2-4, 1946) where prisoners trapped in a hopeless mutiny opted to die rather than surrender.

The film has a number of brutal scenes including the crushing of a stool pigeon under a stamping machine and the beating of a prisoner bound to a chair by straps. Film writer Eddie Muller writes that "the climax of Brute Force displayed the most harrowing violence ever seen in movie theaters." Jules Dassin was disappointed in the flashback sequences in "Brute Force." He strongly believed the flashback sequences watered down the film and he objected to their use. It was a battle he lost to the MGM studio bosses. He was not happy at MGM, he said, "I want to forget all films I made for MGM." Dassin later called the movie "stupid" because the film made the inmates seem honorable.

Jules Dassin fled the United States because he was to be named a Communist in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). He left for Europe and produced "Night and the City" in London.

Oliver Stone cites the film as an influence for his prison break climax in "Natural Born Killers" (1994).

The producers used the following tagline to market the film::Raw! Rough! Ruthless!

Cast

* Burt Lancaster as Joe Collins
* Hume Cronyn as Capt. Munsey
* Charles Bickford as Gallagher
* Yvonne De Carlo as Gina Ferrara
* Ann Blyth as Ruth
* Ella Raines as Cora Lister
* Anita Colby as Flossie
* Whit Bissell as Tom Lister
* Sam Levene as Louie Miller #7033
* Jeff Corey as "Freshman" Stack
* John Hoyt as Spencer
* Jack Overman as Kid Coy
* Roman Bohnen as Warden A.J. Barnes
* Sir Lancelot as Calypso
* Vince Barnett as Muggsy
* Jay C. Flippen as Hodges (guard)
* Richard Gaines as McCollum
* Frank Puglia as Ferrara
* James Bell as Crenshaw
* Howard Duff as Robert "Soldier" Becker
* Edmond O'Brien as Inmate
* Charles McGraw as Andy

Critical reception

When released, "Variety" magazine gave the film a positive review, writing, "A closeup on prison life and prison methods, "Brute Force" is a showmanly mixture of gangster melodramatics, sociological exposition, and sex...The s.a. elements are plausible and realistic, well within the bounds, but always pointing up the "femme fatale." Thus Yvonne De Carlo, Ann Blyth, Ella Raines and Anita Colby are the women on the 'outside' whose machinations, wiles or charms accounted for their men being on the 'inside'...Bristling, biting dialog by Richard Brooks paints broad cameos as each character takes shape under existing prison life. Bickford is the wise and patient prison paper editor whose trusty (Levene), has greater freedom in getting 'stories' for the sheet. Cronyn is diligently hateful as the arrogant, brutal captain, with his system of stoolpigeons and bludgeoning methods." [ [http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117789580.html?categoryid=31&cs=1&p=0 "Variety"] . Film review, 1947. Last accessed: March 30 2008.]

Film critic Bosley Crowther wrote, "Not having intimate knowledge of prisons or prisoners, we wouldn't know whether the average American convict is so cruelly victimized as are the principal prison inmates in "Brute Force," which came to Loew's Criterion yesterday. But to judge by this 'big house' melodrama, the poor chaps who languish in our jails are miserably and viciously mistreated and their jailers are either weaklings or brutes..."Brute Force" is faithful to its title—even to taking law and order into its own hands. The moral is: don't go to prison; you meet such vile authorities there. And, as the doctor observes sadly, 'Nobody ever escapes.'" [ [http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9404EFD7123CE13BBC4F52DFB166838C659EDE Crowthr, Bosley] . "The New York Times," film review, July 17 1947. Last accessed: March 30, 2008.]

More recently, critic Dennis Schwartz wrote, "Jules Dassin ("Rififi" and "Naked City") directs this hard-hitting but outdated crime drama concerned about prison conditions. Its social commentary seems more like a mixture of bleeding heart liberal talk and Hollywood's melodramatic interpretation about prison life than a true questioning of the prison system, though its concerns for prisoners' rights might at the time have seemed relevant-- modern society is now concerned with the rising crime rate and questioning how to get tougher with the inmates." [ [http://www.sover.net/~ozus/bruteforce.htm Schwartz, Dennis] . "Ozus' World Movie Reviews," film review, October 23 2004. Last accessed: March 30, 2008.]

Notable quotes

* Gallagher: Those gates only open three times. When you come in, when you've served your time, or when you're dead!
* Dr. Walters: Force does make leaders. But you forget one thing: it also destroys them.

References

Notes

Bibliography

* Muller, Eddie. "The Art of Noir," 271 pages; Overlook Hardcover, 2002. ISBN 1585670731.

External links

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* [http://www.noiroftheweek.com/2008/04/brute-force-1947.html "Brute Force"] at Film Noir of the Week
* [http://www.dvdbeaver.com/film2/DVDreviews26/brute_force.htm "Brute Force"] at DVD Beaver (includes images)