Etlingera

taxobox
name = "Etlingera"


image_caption = "Etlingera elatior"
regnum = Plantae
unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
unranked_classis = Monocots
unranked_ordo = Commelinids
ordo = Zingiberales
familia = Zingiberaceae
genus = "Etlingera"
genus_authority = Giseke
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = 100+, see text|

"Etlingera" is a genus of Indo-Pacific terrestrial and perennial herbs in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae consisting of more than 100 different species found, mostly, near the equator.POULSEN, Axel Dalberg (2006) Etlingera of Borneo Natural History Publications (Borneo). Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. ISBN 983-812-117-7.]

Some of the larger species have leafy shoots reaching almost 10 metres high, and the bases of these shoots are so stout as to seem almost woody. Others of the species grow as clumps of leafy shoots; while others have such long creeping Rhizomes that each of their leafy shoots can be more than a metre apart.

Unique and distinctive to all "Etlingera" is a tube forming above the point where the base of the flowers petals joins onto the plant (i.e. above the "insertion" of the corolla lobes).

Distribution

The "Etlingera" are native to India, Bangladesh, Burma, China, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Brunei, Papua New Guinea, Australia, and several Pacific Islands, predominantly close to the equator between sea level and 2500 metres.

Most commonly known species

The most commonly known species of "Etlingera" is the "Torch Ginger" ("E. elatior"), also called the "Torch Lily", "Porcelain Rose", or "Philippine Waxflower" because of its stunning inflorescence

Ethnobotany

Species of "Etlingera" are widely used for many different purposes and many of the species are therefore locally named and known.

A common use of the "Etlingera" is to pull out and eat the inner sheathes of the leafy shoots of some species: to eat either raw, cooked as a vegetable, or as a condiment (much in the same way as onions are used as a condiment). "Etlingera coccinea" and "Etlingera elatior", are especially cultivated and grown for this purpose.

The aromatic sweet and sour fruits of the "Etlingera" are also commonly eaten. Several species are used as medicines to treat headaches, or stomach aches, and, one species which itself has large distinctive red patches, (Etlingera brevilabrumin), is commonly applied, externally, to relieve itching and assist treat skin problems.

Other uses made of various "Etlingera" species include as ingredients in local perfumes, as ingredients in local shampoo, and as an optional material for making mats etc. In Borneo, a study of 40 species of "Etlingera" found that more than 70% of these species had alternative local names, and more than 60% of them had at least one use amongst local peoples.

References