Great Neapolitan Earthquake

The Great Neapolitan Earthquake was an earthquake that occurred on December 16 1857, in the Basilicata region of Italy southeast of the city of Naples. Several towns were destroyed, and estimated fatalities were around 11,000 - 12,000. At the time it was the third largest known earthquake, and has been estimated to have been of magnitude 6.9 on the Richter Scale.

Earthquake

The principal shock occurred at about 10pm on December 16, 1857, and had been preceded by minor disturbances and was followed by numerous aftershocks which. continued for some months.

Effects

The earthquake was felt as far away as Terracina to the northwest, the main places suffering damage being Potenza, Polla, Diano, Sala, and Padula in the Val di Diano, and Tito, Marsico Nuovo, Saponara, and Montemurro. The latter two places, along with Padula and Polla, were virtually completely destroyed.

cientific study

Early in 1858, aided by a grant from the Royal Society, Robert Mallet visited the devastated area, and spent over two months studying the effects of the disaster, paying special attention to the damage caused to buildings. His extensive report was published in 1862, and remains a memorable work in the history of seismology.

Much of Mallet's work was devoted to determining the position and magnitude of the subterranean focus of the earthquake. He calculated that the focal cavity was a curved fissure, about convert|10|mi|km long and convert|31|mi|km high and of negligible width. He estimated that the central point of the fissure, the theoretical seismic centre, was convert|62|mi|km deep. Mallet located his epicentre near the village of Caggiano, not far from Polla, but later examination of his data suggested that there was a second focus near Montemurro, about convert|25|mi|km to the southeast.

References

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