Paeonia mascula

Paeonia mascula

Taxobox
name = Wild Peony



image_width = 240px
image_caption = (Naturalised example from Flat Holm island)
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Saxifragales
familia = Paeoniaceae
genus = "Paeonia"
genus_authority = L.
subdivision_ranks = Species
species = "P. mascula"
binomial = "Paeonia mascula"
binomial_authority =

The Wild Peony ("Paeonia mascula") also known as the Male or Balkan Peony and sometimes referred to by the synonym "Paeonia corallina"Citation |title= Plants For A Future: Paeonia mascula | url= http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Paeonia+mascula | accessdate = 2008-05-14 ] is a species of peony. A herbaceous perennial plant 0.5–1.5 metres tall, the Wild Peony has leaves which are divided into three segments and large red flowers in late spring and early summer. Native to China, Europe, Morocco, Spain, Greece and Turkey this wild peony has become naturalised on two small islands in the UK.

Location

Wild peonies are at risk in their natural environment due to the demand from private collectors and there is a significant trade in wild Peonia mascula from Turkey.Citation | title = The Peony Society: Wild Species |url= http://www.peonysociety.org.uk/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=11
accessdate = 2008-04-30
.]

Ideal conditions are light (sandy) soils although and most peonies can grow in heavy clay soil. Thw Wid Peony prefers acid and neutral soils, can grow in semi-shade and tolerates drought.

The Wild Peony was introduced to the island of Steep Holm in the Bristol Channel, possibly by monks, and has naturalised. 37 plants were taken to nearby Flat Holm island by Frank Harris, the farmer at the time, in the 1930's, many of which died during the World War II occupation and fortification of the island. One remaining plant was reintroduced by the Flat Holm Warden in 1982 and is protected by fencing near the path to the lighthouse. A few plants grown from seed also survive in the farmhouse garden [Cardiff Council Flat Holm Project records accessed 2008-05-08] .

Flowering Cycle

Paeonia mascula flowers for just 1 week of the year normally in May or June and the seedpods (at one stage referred to as jester's hats develop during the summer before bursting open to scatter seeds in August or September [Citation | title = Flat Holm Island | publisher = Cardiff Council | pages = 46–47 | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-902466-14-3 ] . The flowers are hermaphrodite and pollinated by Insects. The plant is self-fertile.

The islands are the only known place in the UK where the Wild Peony has naturalised. The likely reason for this is that the islands provide a habitat which is similar to the Mediterranean islands where the plants originate from and the relative isolation allows them some protection.

Uses

The roots of Wild Peony were ground to a powder and used to treat colds and sore throats. [cite web |url=http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/comindx.html |title=A Modern Herbal |accessdate=2008-04-12 |author=M.Grieve ] .

Etymology

Named after Pæon, a physician to the gods who obtained the plant on Mount Olympus from the mother of Apollo, the peony needs to be left alone and punishes those who try to move it by not flowering again for several years. Once established, however, it blooms each year for decades [Citation | last1 = Pickles| first1 = Sheila | title = The Language of Flowers| publisher = | year = 1990 ] .

Gallery

References

External links

* [http://www.ars-grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi-bin/splist.pl?8758 Germplasm Resources Information Network: "Paeonia"]
* [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Paeonia&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: "Paeonia"]


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