Forsskaolea tenacissima

Taxobox


image_width = 240px
image_caption =
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Rosales
familia = Urticaceae
genus = "Forsskaolea"
species = "F. tenacissima"
binomial = "Forsskaolea tenacissima"
binomial_authority = L.cite web
url = http://www.ville-ge.ch/
title = "Forsskaolea" L.
accessdate = 2008-04-24
format = HTML
work = African Plants Database
publisher = South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Tela Botanica. ] cite web
url = http://beta.uniprot.org/taxonomy/344767
title = Species Forsskaolea tenacissima
accessdate = 2008-04-24
author = UniProt
authorlink = UniProt
format = HTML]
synonyms = "Forskohlea tenacissima"cite web
url = http://beta.uniprot.org/taxonomy/344767
title = Species "Forsskaolea tenacissima"
accessdate = 2008-04-24
author = UniProt
authorlink = UniProt
format = HTML] "Caidbeja adhaerens" Forssk. "Forsskaolea cossoniana" Webb.cite web
author =Flora of Pakistan
url =http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=112946
authorlink =Flora of North America
title = "Forsskaolea" Linn.
accessdate = 2008-04-24 ] "Forsskalea tenacissima" L.cite web
url = http://ww2.bgbm.org/_EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=35120&PTRefFk=500000
title = Details for: "Forsskalea"
accessdate = 2008-04-24
author = Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem
authorlink = Botanical Garden in Berlin
format = HTML
work = Euro+Med PlantBase
publisher = Freie Universität Berlin
ref = I am pretty sure that this is a typographic error that starts here. ]

"Forsskaolea tenacissima" is a member of the non-stinging nettles genus "Forsskaolea" and is in the same family as the stinging kind, Urticaceae. Described as "looking like a tough character that does not want or need a caress",cite web
url = http://www.almerianatural.com/endemismos.htm
title = endemismos
accessdate = 2008-04-24
format = HTML
work = Flora endémica, rara o amenazada de Almería
language = Spanish] "F. tenacissima" makes its home where not many plant species survive, in stony soils, road edges, in the gravel wadiand "in the rock crevices and water-receiving depressions" above the stone pavements of the Hamadas.cite book
last = Wickens
first = Gerald E.
coauthors = J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson
title = Ecophysiology of Economic Plants in Arid and Semi-arid Lands
url = http://books.google.com/books?id=s8oSKa6_EB8C&dq=Forsskaolea+tenacissima&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0
format = HTML
date = 1998
publisher = Springer Science+Business Media
isbn = 3540521712
pages = 343 pages
chapter = Arid and Semi-Arid Regions and Ecosystems of the World
chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?id=s8oSKa6_EB8C&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&source=web&ots=eCeQyUg2WR&sig=uLoaNH7ewaqxaBFEzJRfOWHcmcw&hl=en#PPA25,M1 ]

"Forsskaolea tenacissima" was named in mourning of a student of Carolus Linnaeus, a Finn named Peter Forsskål who died while gathering botanical and zoological specimens from the Arabia Felix. Linnaeus named this plant "Forsskaolea tenacissima" because the plant was as stubborn and persistent as the student had been.cite web
url = http://www.linnaeus.uu.se/online/animal/5_2.html
title = The journey to "The happy Arabia": "Peter Forsskål (1732-1763)"
accessdate = 2008-04-24
date = 2006
format = HTML
work = Linné on line
publisher = UPPSALA UNIVERSITET ]

Description

The almost upright convert|65|cm|in|lk=on fleshy, stiff-haired, woody annual "F. tenacissima" appears after the rains in rocky and difficult to grow in places like the Sahel of Mauritania, and (the Horn of Africa), and now recorded in Niger. It is a chamaephyte that is much relished by the stockcite web
url = http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.AP.UPWTA.5_411
title = Entry for "Forsskaolea tenacissima" Linn. [family URTICACEAE]
accessdate = 2008-04-24
author = Aluka
authorlink = Aluka
format = HTML
work = African Plants
doi = 10.5555/AL.AP.UPWTA.5_411
publisher = Ithaka Harbors, Inc] and wild animals who graze on it in the Saharo-Arabian.cite journal
last =MOSALLAM
first =HOSENY A.M.
authorlink =Taif University
title =Comparative Study on the Vegetation of Protected and Non-protected Areas, Sudera, Taif, Saudi Arabia
journal =INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY
volume =9
issue =2
pages =202-214
publisher =
format = PDF
date =2007
url =http://www.fspublishers.org/past-issues/ijab9(2)pdf/1.pdf
accessdate = 2008-04-24 ]

;Leaves and stems: convert|5|mm|in|lk=on to convert|20|mm|in leaf stalks. Broad-side of leaves are squared-oval to round convert|1|cm|in|lk=on to convert|5|cm|in long and convert|1|cm|in to convert|7|cm|in wide. Upper leaf surfaces have straight and hooked hairs and the lower leaf is densely white-wooly with hair. Small leafy outgrowth at the base of the leaf are rounded, convert|3|mm|in to convert|5|mm|in long, convert|1.5|mm|in to convert|2.5|mm|in wide, persistent and dry -- not green.;Flowers: Five involucral bracts narrow and tapering to a point, convert|5|mm|in to convert|6|mm|in long and densely wooly. Four to eight male flowers and two to six female flowers in the center of the flower head which is attached right to the stem. Three unequal sepals; convert|3|mm|in long stamen with a pointy anther and conical convert|2|mm|in long ovary which is surround with dense wool. Stigma is as long as the ovary.;Seeds: Achenes are elliptical, reddish-brown and convert|2|mm|in long. ;Communities: In Spain, "F. tenacissima" has been observed in a phytosociological situation (made "on the rocks" or in the gravel wadis of Tabernas Desert) with "Senecio flavus".cite journal
last =Cabello
first =Javier
coauthors = Domingo Alcaraz, Francisco Gómez-Mercado, Juan F. Mota, Javier Navarro, Julio Peñas and Esther Giménez
title =Habitat, occurrence and conservation of Saharo-Arabian-Turanian element Forsskaolea tenacissima L. in the Iberian Peninsula
journal =Journal of Arid Environments
volume =53
issue = 4
pages = 491-500
date = April 2003
url =http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WH9-47608G7-H&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=5e82ebe34718c00459125f24a85e97a1
doi =10.1006/jare.2002.1062
accessdate = 2008-04-24 ]

"F. tenacissima" has been observed living low in wadis with these plant species::*"Acacia tortilis":*"Aerva javanica":*"Lotononis platycarpa":*"Farsetia longisiliqua"cite web
url = http://www.opwall.com/Library/Egypt/Egypt%20Terrestrial/Botany/Rebecca_final_report%5B1%5D%20plants%20egypt.pdf
title = Report on plant surveys done during Operation Wallacea expeditions during 2005
accessdate = 2008-04-26
last = Guenther
first = Rebecca
date = 2005
format = PDF
work = Vegetation and Grazing in the St. Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt
publisher = [http://www.opwall.com/ OPERATION WALLACEA] ]

It has also been found growing in rock crevices and water-receiving depressions above the stone pavements of the Hamadas along with::*"Anastatica hierochuntica":*"Fagonia latifolia":*"Farsetia aegyptia":*"Nauplius graveolens":*"Reseda villosa":*"Salvia aegyptiaca":*"Enneapogon desvauxii" :*"Enneapogon scaber"

Distribution

Common in arid and semi-arid waste lands in sandy clay gravelly soils from sea level to convert|1200|m|ft|lk=on like Mediterranean woodlands and shrublands, semi-steppe shrublands, shrub-steppes, deserts and extreme deserts.cite web
url = http://flora.huji.ac.il/browse.asp?action=specie&specie=FORTEN
title = "Forsskaolea tenacissima" L.
accessdate = 2008-04-24
author = Flora of Israel Online
authorlink = Hebrew University of Jerusalem
format = HTML
work = Hebrew University of Jerusalem] ;Native:Palearctic: ::Northern Africa: Algeria, Egypt ::Southwestern Europe: Spain::Southeastern Europe: Malta::Western Asia: Israel, Jordan, Libya, Palestine, Sinai, Tunisia;Current:Palearctic: ::Northern Africa: Algeria, Egypt ::Southwestern Europe: Spain::Southeastern Europe: Malta::Western Asia: Afghanistan, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Libya, Pakistan, Palestine, Sinai, Tunisia::Asia Temperate: India:Afrotropic: ::Arabian Peninsula: Saudi Arabia, Oman, United Arab Emirates::Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea::West Tropical Africa: Mauritaniacite web
url = http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/rbgespecadv?CURRENT_FAMILY=&CURRENT_GENUS=&CURRENT_NAME_AND_SYNONYMS_PLAIN=Forsskaolea+tenacissima
title = Results from the RBGE herbarium catalogue Hits 1 to 8 of 8 matching "Forsskaolea tenacissima"
accessdate = 2008-04-24
author = Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
authorlink = Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
date = 2008-04-11
format = HTML]

ynonyms

*"Forsskaolea tenacissima" L. var. "cossoniana" (Webb) Batt.
*"Forsskaolea tenacissima" L. var. "erythraea" A.Terracc.
*"Forsskaolea tenacissima" L. var. "cossoniana" (Webb) Batt.cite web
url = http://www.ville-ge.ch/
title = "Forsskaolea tenacissima" L. record n° 122364
accessdate = 2008-04-24
format = HTML
work = African Plants Database
publisher = South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Tela Botanica. ]

References

External links

*cite web
url = http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33400297
title = Forsskaolea tenacissima L.
accessdate = 2008-04-24
author = Tropicos
date = 1764
format = HTML
publisher = Missouri Botanical Garden

*cite web
url = http://www.wildflowers.co.il/arabic/plant.asp?ID=646
title = "Forsskaolea tenacissima"
accessdate = 2008-04-24
format = HTML
*cite web
url = http://www.botanic.co.il/a/catalog.asp?qcat=FORTEN
title = "Forsskaolea tenacissima"
accessdate = 2008-04-25
format = HTML
publisher = Jerusalem Botanical Gardens