Aberdeenshire Canal

The Aberdeenshire Canal was a waterway in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, designed by John Rennie, which ran from the port of Aberdeen to Port Elphinstone, Inverurie. It opened in 1805, and closed in 1854, when it was replaced by a railway which ran along the course of the canal for most of its length.

History

The canal was originally conceived as part of a bigger scheme to link Aberdeen to Monymusk, via Inverurie, with a branch from Inverurie along the course of the Urie Glen to Insch. Captain George Taylor conducted a survey, which confirmed that the plan was feasible, but only the first part of it, to Inverurie, was built. [http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_100/100_170_178.pdf Archaeology Data Service, "Proceedings of the Society", 1967-8] ] An Act of Parliament was obtained on 26 April 1796, which created "The Company of Proprietors of the Aberdeenshire Canal Navigation", and authorised them to raise £20,000 in £50 shares. No person was permitted to have less than one share or more than 40. [http://www.jim-shead.com/waterways/sdoc.php?wpage=PNRC0139#PNRC120 Joseph Priestley (1831) "Priestley's Navigable Rivers and Canals"] ] Work started in 1796. In 1801, the project ran into financial difficulty and another Act was submitted to Parliament. In the Act, dated 24 March 1801, the company noted that of the £20,000 authorized by the previous Act, only £17,800 had been subscribed. All of this had been spent and the company were now in debt.

The canal eventually opened in June 1805. Fourteen of the locks failed within the first few weeks, and reconstruction of the masonry resulted in the canal being shut until 1806. [http://www.electricscotland.com/history/rural_life27.htm Electric Scotland: History] ] A third Act of Parliament was passed on March 13 1809 which enabled the company to raise a further £45,000 for work on the canal.

The canal ran up the strath of the River Don from Aberdeen for a total of 18 miles (29km) to a terminus just south of Inverurie. The terminus area came to be known as Port Elphinstone after Sir James Elphinstone [Rev J Davidson, "Inverurie and the Earldom of the Garioch", p472] who was a keen supporter and financier of the canal. He lived nearby at Logie House near Oyne and Pitcaple. The canal had 17 locks, all in the first 5.5 miles (8.8km) between Aberdeen harbour and Stoneywood, together with 56 road bridges, 20 culverts and five aqueducts. From Stoneywood it ran level to Port Elphinstone and was used to carry both freight and passenger boats. Passengers were only carried on the top section, and disembarked at a building call the Boathouse, [http://www.northseatrail.org/show_single_article.php?article_id=2935&lang=uk North Sea Trail photo resource and history] ] situated above the five St Machar Drive locks. The fall from Stoneywood to the low water mark at Aberdeen was convert|168|ft|m. It had a width of convert|23|ft|m and averaged convert|3|ft|9|in|m in depth.

As built, there was no direct connection to the Aberdeen docks, which made transshipment difficult, and it was not until 1834 that the sea lock was constructed, enabling boats to enter the docks at certain states of the tide. The weather also created problems, with the canal normally being shut between December and March due to icing. [ [http://www.waterscape.com/canals-and-rivers/aberdeenshire-canal Waterscape: Aberdeenshire Canal] ]

The main material into which the canal was cut was granite, some of which was quarried and transported to London. The canal was never a financial success. It had cost nearly £44,000 to build, and revenues rose from £311 in 1807, the first full year of operation, to just £3062 in 1853, the last full year of operation.

Conversion to a Railway

The canal was bought by the Great North of Scotland Railway in 1845, who started the construction of a railway from Inverness to Aberdeen in 1849. The canal remained open until early 1854, when it was closed so that railway tracks could be laid along much of its length. The railway opened in September of that year.

The canal today

Some fragments of the original canal construction may be discerned along the route of the railway. Within Aberdeen these include where the railway runs parallel to Elmbank Terrace, Kittybrewster (at the foot of which road is an elderly bridge carrying the road diagonally over the railway), and again where the railway runs parallel to Great Northern Road in Woodside. Dyce and Dalwearie also have obvious remains. Woodside still has a canal bridge which is in use for the road only with nothing now running underneath; the railway is slightly to the north at this point. It was once well outside the bounds of the city proper, and so both that area and Old Aberdeen still boast roads named Canal Street, which sometimes leads to confusion.

References

* Lindsay, Jean (1968). "The Canals of Scotland". Newton Abbott: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-4240-1.

ee also

*Canals of Great Britain
*History of the British canal system

External links

*Map and aerial photo sources for:
**mmukscaled|NJ778198|25|Port Elphinstone