- Victorian Railways Z vans
Infobox Train
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name = Z van
imagesize = 300px
caption = Van 611 ZD, in storage at theSeymour Railway Heritage Centre
interior
interiorcaption =Manufacturer =
Victorian Railways
Factory = Newport Workshops, others
Family =
Built =
Refurbishment = Each other
Replaced = Each otherFormation =
Designation = About 750
Operator = various heritage operators, previously VR and V/Line
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LinesServed = Allyearconstruction = From 1851
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yearscrapped =
numberconstruction =
numberbuilt =
numberservice =
numberscrapped =CarBody =
CarLength = 24 feet, except the DH/ZH
CarWidth =
CarHeight =
floorheight =
platformheight =
entrylevelorstep =
art-sections =
doors =MaxSpeed =
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Capacity =
Auxiliaries =
Power-supply =
Gauge = Broad
Brakes =The Victorian Railways has had many types of guard's vans over the years, ranging from the four-wheeled 'D' vans of the 19th century, to the power vans of today, such as the PCJ's.
This page only covers the D vans and their derivatives, but eventually there will be other pages to cover the other types of Guard's Vans.
Original Z Vans
D Vans
These four-wheelers were the first Guard's Vans built for the Victorian Railways. They were built nearly continuously, from 1858 to 1891. The code 'D' was applied on a van, as late as 1907.
These vans were attached at the rear of trains. As there was no continuous brake, the guard at the rear assisted stopping by using the handbrake.
When construction of the 'D' vans stopped, the number group was from 1D to 265D. However, there were far more vans that this in total, because many of the earlier vans had been scrapped and replaced by new vans which took the same numbers.
In the 1890s some vans were rebuilt from four to six wheels.
DH, ZH vans
By 1886, there were four shorter guards vans in service. They were D 25, 27, 33 and 34. The vans had a 19'6" long body, despite that the rest of the class were 24' long. Peter J. Vincent's theory is that they may have been intended as short haul vans in suburban service, before electrification.
During 1890/1891 all four were fitted with Booking Offices. The Booking Offices on trains were to save on lineside staff, a necessity because of the depression.
Around 1895, the vans were recoded to DH. The 'H' was used to denote carriages stored and used during peak times, generally 'Holidays'. The 'H' originally was a description painted on the carriage and was not part of the code.
In the recoding of 1910, the DH code was altered to ZH. From the records, only 27, 33 and 34 became ZH. DH 25 was recoded to Z, the quickly scrapped in 1911.
In 1911, [http://www.pjv101.net/fts/u01/cq836.jpgZH 34] became a van on the Breakdown Train at Ballarat. It stayed at Ballarat until scrapped in 1956. The body was moved to a shop in Lismore, where the van can still be see, albeit in altered condition.
ZH 27 and 33 were scrapped in 1919.
Z Vans
In the 1910 recoding, the 'D' vans took on the letter 'Z', setting a pattern for the next seventy years. D vans 1 through 265 were renumbered to 1 through 242, intended to fill the gaps in between.
All vans built to this style from 1911 onwards, were lettered 'Z' and numbered from 243 up. By 1960, there were 746 'Z' vans, not including the hundreds that had been scrapped as 'D' vans. Conversions from four-wheel vans to six-wheel vans continued, so that by 1960, vans numbered 1 to 626 were six wheeled and 627 to 746 were four wheelers.
In 1924, the VR took control of the Deniliquin and Moama Railway, and acquired three Z vans previously purchased from the VR. They scrapped one van, but the other two lasted to the 1970s.
As buffers were phased out of all trains in the late 50's to early 60's, the Z vans began to develop riding quality issues, with many guards being thrown around by the rough riding. As a result, Z vans were gradually upgraded to ZB, ZL, ZP and ZD vans from 1959 to the mid 1960's.
The few remaining Z vans were located at major loco depots and were used in breakdown trains.
Modifications
By 1958, trains were marshalled longer and average speeds faster thanks to the introduction of diesels. The final chapter in the autocoupler conversion program ( which had beginnings back in 1923) was the removal of buffers from freight vehicles in the late 1950s. This had the effect of causing rough riding at the rear of trains.
By 1957, the guards on the trains and unions were complaining about the hazard of slack action at the rear of the trains. Stories abounded of guards or travelling crews knocked to the floor.
The ZZ Van
In an effort to find a solution, the VR converted 742Z from a four-wheeler to a bogie guards van. It featured cast bogies with outside spring dampers. The van entered service as 742ZZ.
The van ran on experimental trains from December 1958. Departmental officers rode other trains as well to gauge the difference in riding qualities across different van types.
ZL Vans
By mid 1959, ZZ 742 was in storage at Newport Workshops. By January 1960, the van had been converted back to a four wheeler and was fitted with a long shank coupler; the solution to the slack action problem. The van re-entered service as ZL 742, January 1960.
The long-shank coupler was another option that was tried, and this was a success, probably in part due to cost (new couplers are cheaper than new bogies). A lengthened auto coupler shank with larger draft gear was fitted to vans and these vans recoded to ZL; the 'L' for long shank coupler. About 300 vans were modified.
The conversion began in 1959 with ZL 719 and progressed through to about 1965. To achieve a speedy turnover, most of the underframes were rotated allowing work to be done on the underframes first. When a van came in for service, the body was lifted off and placed onto a modified underframe. The old underframe was then modified and placed on the next van in.
ZB Vans
To improve the riding qualities of fixed wheel brakevans, twenty vans were 'ballasted' with three tons of rail. The rail was placed along the floor of the van area and a new floor placed over the top.
Vans of the type Z/ZL type were modified in 1971 and reclassed to ZB, numbers 1 to 20. The class didn't last long, with the first scrapping in 1973.
ZP Vans
By the mid 1950's, many passenger trains were still screw coupled. The new diesels in service were equipped with auto couplers only. A group of vans were fitted with steam loco swivel couplers which allowed the vans to act as transition vehicles between the engine and screw coupled carriages.
Railway records do not date the modifications. To indicate the dual coupling arrangement, the vans remained coded as Z but were lettered with a 'P' in the corner to denote 'Plural' couplings. The vans were ballasted with 3 tons of rail, no doubt to improve the riding quality. The ballast was lengths of rail along the floor with a false floor covering the rails.
From 1956 the vans were recoded to ZP. Despite the 'P' in the corners (which normally indicated 'Passenger'), the vans were only authorised for a maximum speed of 60mph (WTT Addenda 28/6/1971).
With limited traffic in the 1970s, the vans had the ballast removed, speed derated and were recoded to ZD.
The ZP numbers were:19, 31, 33, 56, 85, 153, 181-182, 184, 187, 190, 194, 197-198, 206, 211-212, 215, 222, 224, 227, 237, 239-240, 253, 260, 468-471, 494, 498-500, 585, 599-601, 603-604, 611 & 619
During the autocoupler conversion project Z vans fitted with auto-couplers were externally marked with an 'A' in the diagonal corners.
ZD Vans
By about 1978, the ZP vans saw little traffic. They were originally used as transition vehicles between autocoupled locomotives and screw coupled carriages from the mid 1950s with the introduction of diesel locomotives replacing steam engines fitted with dual screw/auto couplings.
For conversion to ZD ( D for dual coupled ), the rail ballast was removed, the code letters altered but with the dual couplings retained.
The ZD numbers were: 19, 31, 211, 237, 239, 260, 468 - 471, 494, 500, 600, 604, 611, 619.
Demise
After about a century of service to the Victorian Railways, Guard's Vans began to get phased out around the mid 1980's. By the end of the decade, they were gone, replaced by 'electronic guards' - red lights that flash, on the end of the train.
Model Railways
Steam Era Models makes an HO scale plastic kit of the Z vans, which is designed for the ZP vans, but can be kitbashed to the any of the other variations. The ZL would be the easiest conversion, because it simply means a different coupler should be attached.
References
* [http://www.pjv101.net/cd/pages/type_van.htm Peter J. Vincent: Guard's Vans, List]
* [http://www.pjv101.net/cd/pages/m1910m.htm Peter J. Vincent: 1910 recoding]
* [http://www.pjv101.net/cd/pages/c049m.htm Peter J. Vincent: D, Z vans]
* [http://www.pjv101.net/cd/pages/c264m.htm Peter J. Vincent: DH, ZH vans]
* [http://www.pjv101.net/fts/u01/ab789.gifPeter J. Vincent: Diagram, DH vans]
* [http://www.pjv101.net/cd/pages/c050m.htm Peter J. Vincent: ZB vans (Ballasted)]
* [http://www.pjv101.net/cd/pages/c051m.htm Peter J. Vincent: ZD vans (Dual-Coupled)]
* [http://www.pjv101.net/cd/pages/c053m.htm Peter J. Vincent: ZL vans (Longer coupler)]
* [http://www.pjv101.net/cd/pages/c055m.htm Peter J. Vincent: ZP vans (Passenger)]
* [http://www.pjv101.net/cd/pages/c238m.htm.htm Peter J. Vincent: ZZ van (Bogies)]
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