Fushin bugyō

were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. Appointments to this prominent office were usually "fudai" daimyō.Beasley, William. (1955). "Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868," pp. 18-19.] Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner" or "overseer."

This "bakufu" tile identifies an official with responsibility for public works -- for construction projects which involved civil engineering like land reclamation projects, for excavation of moats and canals, and for the collection of stone and the erection of castle walls. As a result of the experiences involved in castle building in the Momoyama period and early-Edo period, Tokugawa architectural practice, such as the construction of the mausoleum complex at Nikkō, was seen as a subordinate to the massive task of wall building which was seen as an essential security measure in troubled times.Coaldrake, William H. (1996) [http://books.google.com/books?id=DQ9XCihfL98C&pg=PA179&dq=sakai+bugyo&sig=zJ4K7cJvNGpDhLB3ogkiYNthfpg#PPA178,M1 "Architecture and Authority in Japan," p. 178.] ] This position was made permanent in 1652. [James L. McClain, James "et al." (1997). [http://books.google.com/books?id=-qOuykzxhKUC&pg=PA171&dq=fushin+commissioner&lr=&sig=jcLB8QES3dnbOVxw4isdtUHMeyg "Edo and Paris: Urban Life and the State in the Early Modern Era," p. 171.] ]

"Sakuji-bugyō created in 1632

In response to the perceived importance of the wall-building and moat-dredging work of the "fushin-bugyō," the position of "sakuji-bugyō" was created in 1632 as part of an effort to tighten administrative controls over other construction activities in what had previously been an "ad hoc" army of builders in a diverse array of trades [Coaldrake, [http://books.google.com/books?id=DQ9XCihfL98C&pg=PA179&dq=sakai+bugyo&sig=zJ4K7cJvNGpDhLB3ogkiYNthfpg#PPA179,M1 pp. 178-179.] ]

List of "fushin-bugyō"

:dynamic list
* Fukushima Tamemoto. [Naito, Akira " et al." (2003). [http://books.google.com/books?id=3N5d4xKg7yQC&pg=PA26&dq=fushin+bugyo&sig=ovfJSHXL5TYzKDDmbGZC_h2JmMg "Edo: the City that Became Tokyo," p. 26.] ]

Notes

References

* Beasley, William G. (1955). [http://books.google.com/books?id=jjOCAAAAIAAJ&dq=Niigata+bugyo&pgis=1 "Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868."] London: Oxford University Press. [reprinted by RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001. 10-ISBN 0-197-13508-0; 13-ISBN 978-0-197-13508-2 (cloth)]
* Coaldrake, William H. (1996) [http://books.google.com/books?id=DQ9XCihfL98C&dq=sakai+bugyo&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 "Architecture and Authority in Japan."] London: Routledge. 10-ISBN 0-415-10601-X; 13-ISBN 978-0-415-10601-6 (paper)
* James L. McClain, James, John M. Merriman and Kaoru Ugawa, (1997). [http://books.google.com/books?id=-qOuykzxhKUC&dq=fushin+commissioner&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 "Edo and Paris: Urban Life and the State in the Early Modern Era."] Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 10-ISBN 0-801-48183-X
* Naito, Akira, Kazuo Hozumi, and H. Mack Horto. (2003). [http://books.google.com/books?id=3N5d4xKg7yQC&dq=fushin+bugyo&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 "Edo: the City that Became Tokyo."] Tokyo: Kodansha. 10-ISBN 4-770-02757-5

ee also

* bugyō