- Bono Manso
Bono Manso (sometimes known as Bono Mansu) was an ancient trading town in what is now the Nkoranza district of the
Brong-Ahafo region ofGhana . Located just south of theBlack Volta river at the transitional zone between savanna and forest, the town was frequented by caravans fromDjenné as part of theTrans-Saharan trade . Goods traded includedkola nut s, salt, leather and gold; the latter was the most important trading good of the area from the middle of the fourteenth century on. During theAtlantic slave trade , Bono Manso was one of the regionalslave market s. Bono Manso was instrumental in the formation of the AkanBono state , of which it was the capital.History
The
oral history of theBono people has it that Bono Manso was founded by people from the 'Great White Desert' (theSahara ), who via some intermediate settlements finally came to the Bono area and founded Bono Manso, presumably in the late thirteenth century. According to oral traditions, "Bonohene" (kings of Bono) reigned in Bono Manso from its inception on. Halfway the fourteenth century,gold was discovered in the hills and rivers to the west and north of Bono Manso, leading to a thriving gold trade in which the "Bonohene" played a major role by introducing new mining techniques. In the following centuries, the growing commercial importance of Bono Manso strengthened the position of the Bono state as a regional political entity. During theAtlantic slave trade , Bono Manso became the market place for slaves from the North before they were transported to theDiaspora .Bono Manso was taken by the
Ashanti Confederacy in1723 . Upon this event, many residents of Bono Manso fled toTakyiman (or Tekyiman, Techiman, Takijiman), which in1740 led to the foundation of theBono-Tekyiman state , more or less under Ashanti sovereignty.In 2004, inhabitants of present-day Manso in Nkoranza District of Brong-Ahafo appealed to the Ghanaian Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development to rename the town "Bono-Manso", in recognition of its status as the capital of the ancient
Bono state . A tourist industry has been developed in recent years, and several historical objects and structures, including relics from the slave trade, are on view.tructure
Based on excavations,
carbon dating s and local oral traditions, Effah-Gyamfi (1985) postulated three distinct urban phases. According to him, in the early phase (thirteenth to fifteenth century) the urban center was relatively small and the town was populated by only 4,000 people (not all living in the urban center). Buildings were made of daubted wattle. Painted pottery of this period was found distributed within a radius of 3.3 km.In the second phase, sixteenth to seventeenth century, the urban centre was larger, consisting mainly of evenly distributed
puddled mud houses and a nuclearmarket centre. The population was up to 10,000. Many indications of participation in long-distance trade, such as imported glass beads and mica coated pottery stem from this period. Like many towns of this area and period, Bono Manso was divided into ethnic quarters. It had a "Kromo " (Muslim Mande section) and an Akan royal capital site. The last phase (late seventeenth to early eighteenth century) featured greaterpopulation density and increasing political centralization.ee also
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Begho
*Bonduku References
*Effah-Gyamfi, Kwaku (1979) "Traditional history of the Bono State" Legon: Institute of African Studies,
University of Ghana .
*Effah-Gyamfi, Kwaku (1985) "Bono Manso: an archaeological investigation into early Akan urbanism" (African occasional papers, no. 2) Calgary: Dept. of Archaeology,University of Calgary Press . ISBN 0-919813-27-5
*Meyerowitz, Eva L.R. (1949) 'Bono-Mansu, the earliest centre of civilisation in the Gold Coast', "Proceedings of the III International West African Conference", 118–120.
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