- Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler
Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler (
May 5 ,1883 - 1966) was an American mathematician. She is best known for her work in developing theories offunctional analysis .Biography
Anna Johnson was born on
5 May 1883 to Swedish immigrant parents inHawarden, Iowa in theUnited States . At the age of nine her family moved toAkron, Ohio and she was enrolled in aprivate school . In 1903 she graduated from theUniversity of South Dakota and began graduate work at theUniversity of Iowa . Her thesis, titled "The extension ofGalois theory tolinear differential equation s", earned her amaster's degree in 1904. She obtained a second graduate degree one year later fromRadcliffe , where she worked withMaxime Bôcher andWilliam Fogg Osgood .Kimberling, Clark. "Emmy Noether and Her Influence". "Emmy Noether: A Tribute to Her Life and Work." Ed. James W. Brewer and Martha K. Smith. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1981. ISBN 0-8247-1550-0. pp. 3–61.] O'Connor, J.J. and E.F. Robertson. [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Wheeler.html "Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler"] . "The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive". January 1997. Retrieved on10 April 2008 .]In 1905 she won an
Alice Freeman Palmer Fellowship fromWellesley College to spend a year at theUniversity of Göttingen , where she studied underDavid Hilbert ,Felix Klein ,Hermann Minkowski , andKarl Schwarzschild . As she worked toward adoctorate , her relationship with Alexander Pell, a former professor from the University of South Dakota, intensified. He traveled to Göttingen and they were married in July 1907. This trip posed a significant threat to Pell's life, since he was a formerRussia ndouble agent whose real name was Sergei Degaev.After the wedding, the Pells returned to
Vermillion, South Dakota , where she taught classes in the theory of functions anddifferential equation s. By 1908 she was back in Göttingen, working on her dissertation; an argument with Hilbert, however, made its completion impossible. She moved with her husband toChicago , where she worked withE. H. Moore to finish her dissertation, "Biorthogonal Systems of Functions with Applications to the Theory of Integral Equations", and received aPh.D. in 1909. [Kimberling gives the year of her Ph.D. as 1910.]She began looking for a teaching position, but found hostility in every mathematics department. She wrote to a friend: "I had hoped for a position in one of the good univ. like Wisc., Ill. etc., but there is such an objection to women that they prefer a man even if he is inferior both in training and research".Riddle, Larry. [http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/wheeler.htm "Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler"] . "Biographies of Women Mathematicians".
23 May 2007 . Retrieved on10 April 2008 .] In 1911 her husband suffered astroke and she, after teaching his classes at the Armout Institute for the remainder of the semester, accepted a position atMount Holyoke College . She taught there for seven years.In 1918 she became an associate professor at
Bryn Mawr College inPennsylvania . Although Alexander continued his research, he never taught again, and died in 1921. Three years later she became the head of the Bryn Mawr mathematics department, and became a full professor in 1925. In the same year she married a colleague named Arthur Wheeler, who soon went toPrinceton University . She moved with him, commuting to Bryn Mawr, teaching part-time, and becoming active in Princeton's mathematics society. After he died in 1932, she returned to Bryn Mawr and taught full-time.Wheeler was instrumental in bringing German mathematician
Emmy Noether to Bryn Mawr in 1933, after her expulsion from the University of Göttingen by the Nazi government. The two women worked together happily for two years, until Noether died suddenly after an operation in 1935. Wheeler continued teaching at Bryn Mawr until she retired in 1948. She died in 1966 after suffering a stroke.References
External links
* [http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/wheeler.htm "Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler", Biographies of Women Mathematicians] ,
Agnes Scott College
* [http://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=5890 Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler] at theMathematics Genealogy Project
* [http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/abstracts/pell_abstract.htm "Biorthogonal Systems of Functions" (Abstract)]
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