MRPS21

Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S21, also known as MRPS21, is a human gene.cite journal | author = Kenmochi N, Suzuki T, Uechi T, Magoori M, Kuniba M, Higa S, Watanabe K, Tanaka T | title = The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders | journal = Genomics | volume = 77 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 65–70 | year = 2001 | month = September | pmid = 11543634 | doi = 10.1006/geno.2001.6622 | url = | issn = ] cite journal | author = Cavdar Koc E, Burkhart W, Blackburn K, Moseley A, Spremulli LL | title = The small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of the full complement of ribosomal proteins present | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 22 | pages = 19363–74 | year = 2001 | month = June | pmid = 11279123 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M100727200 | url = | issn = ]

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and assist protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S21P family. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1p, 1q, 9p, 10p, 10q, 16q, and 17q.cite journal | author = Zhang Z, Gerstein M | title = Identification and characterization of over 100 mitochondrial ribosomal protein pseudogenes in the human genome | journal = Genomics | volume = 81 | issue = 5 | pages = 468–80 | year = 2003 | month = May | pmid = 12706105 | doi = | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0888754303000041 | issn = ] Available sequence data analyses identified splice variants that differ in the 5' UTR; both transcripts encode the same protein.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MRPS21 mitochondrial ribosomal protein S21| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=54460| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Zhang Z, Gerstein M |title=Identification and characterization of over 100 mitochondrial ribosomal protein pseudogenes in the human genome. |journal=Genomics |volume=81 |issue= 5 |pages= 468-80 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12706105 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Kenmochi N, Suzuki T, Uechi T, "et al." |title=The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders. |journal=Genomics |volume=77 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 65-70 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11543634 |doi= 10.1006/geno.2001.6622
*cite journal | author=Suzuki T, Terasaki M, Takemoto-Hori C, "et al." |title=Proteomic analysis of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of protein components in the 28 S small subunit. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 35 |pages= 33181-95 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11402041 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M103236200
*cite journal | author=Cavdar Koc E, Burkhart W, Blackburn K, "et al." |title=The small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of the full complement of ribosomal proteins present. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 22 |pages= 19363-74 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11279123 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M100727200
*cite journal | author=Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, "et al." |title=Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=7 |issue= 4 |pages= 353-8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9110174 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, "et al." |title=A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction. |journal=Anal. Biochem. |volume=236 |issue= 1 |pages= 107-13 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8619474 |doi= 10.1006/abio.1996.0138

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