Lower Silesian Offensive

Lower Silesian Offensive

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Lower Silesian Offensive


caption=
partof=Eastern Front of World War II
place=Lower Silesia
date=February 8, 1945 – February 24, 1945
result=Soviet Victory
combatant1=
combatant2=flagicon|USSR Soviet Union
commander1=
commander2=flagicon|USSRIvan Konev
strength1=
strength2=
casualties1=
casualties2=|The Lower Silesian Offensive ( _ru. Нижне-Силезская наступательная операция)was a Soviet offensive on the Eastern Front of World War II in 1945, involving forces of the 1st Ukrainian Front under Marshal Ivan Konev. It cleared German troops from much of Lower Silesia and besieged a large German force in the provincial capital, Breslau.

Prelude

The offensive directly succeeded the Vistula–Oder Offensive, in which Konev's troops had driven the German Army Group A from Poland, liberating Krakow and taking bridgeheads over the Oder River.

Deployments

Red Army

* Northern wing of 1st Ukrainian Front (Marshal Ivan Konev)
**3rd Guards Tank Army (General Pavel Rybalko)
**4th Tank Army (Major-General Dmitry Lelyushenko)
**3rd Guards Army
**5th Guards Army
**6th Army
**52nd Army

Wehrmacht

* Northern wing of Army Group A (redesignated Army Group Centre) (Field-Marshal Ferdinand Schoerner)
**Seventeenth Army (General Friedrich Schulz)
***XXXXVIII Panzer Corps
***LVII Panzer Corps
***XVII Corps
***VIII Corps
***Garrison of Fortress Breslau
**Fourth Panzer Army (General Fritz-Hubert Gräser)
***XXIV Panzer Corps
***Panzerkorps "Grossdeutschland"
***XXXX Panzer Corps
***"Gruppe" Friedrich

The offensive

Konev intended to break out of the Steinau and Ohlau bridgeheads, which had been secured at the end of the Vistula–Oder Offensive, on February 8. He preceded the initial attack with a fifty-minute artillery bombardment, his troops crossing the start lines at 06:00.Duffy, p.132] By the end of the day the Front's spearheads had penetrated some 60 km. The 3rd Guards Tank Army was ordered to wheel southwards and then eastwards in order to encircle the city of Breslau from the rear, while the 4th Tank Army continued its push westwards from the Steinau bridgehead.

By February 15, forces from the two bridgeheads had surrounded Breslau while 3rd Guards Tank Army had closed the gap to the west, only elements of the German 269th Infantry Division managing to withdraw. Another 35,000 troops and 80,000 civilians had been blockaded in Breslau.Duffy, p.134] The resulting Siege of Breslau lasted until the very end of the war.

The 4th Tank Army, in the meantime, had pushed far ahead towards the Neisse River, against some resistance from Fourth Panzer Army. On February 14, two German corps (the Grossdeutschland and XXIV Panzer Corps) mounted a sudden counter-attack that left Lelyushenko's force in a desperate fight to avoid encirclement.Duffy, p.135] The Germans were unable to close the encirclement, and ceased attacking operations within five days, when the 52nd Army and 3rd Guards Tank Army were able to secure the flanks of Lelyushenko's position.

On February 24, faced with heavy German reinforcement, Konev closed the offensive phase of operations, having secured a small bridgehead across the Neisse near Forst. This effectively defined the start lines in that sector for the Battle of Berlin, or Berlin Offensive, later in the year.

Aftermath

Schoerner attempted to win back some territory during March with successful counter-attacks at Lauban and Striegau. An offensive to relieve Breslau was however disrupted by an offensive on the 1st Ukrainian Front's right flank to the south-east: the Upper Silesian Offensive Operation.

References

*Duffy, C. "Red Storm on the Reich: The Soviet March on Germany, 1945", Routledge, 1991, ISBN 0-415-22829-8
*David M. Glantz, [http://www.strom.clemson.edu/publications/sg-war41-45.pdf The Soviet-German War 1941–45] : Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay

Footnotes

External links

*pl icon [http://wroclaw.hydral.com.pl/5977,obiekt.html Photos from the times of WWII in Lower Silesia]

Further reading

*Ryszard Majewskie, "Dolny Śląsk 1945. Wyzwolenie" [Lower Silesia 1945. Liberation] , 1982
*B. Dolata, "Wyzwolenie Dolnego Śląska w 1945" [Liberation of Lower Silesia in 1945] , Wyd. Ossolineum, 1970


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