Zamość Uprising

Zamość Uprising

The Zamość Uprising refers to the actions by Polish resistance (primarily Armia Krajowa and Bataliony Chłopskie) against the forced expulsion of Poles from the Zamość region (Zamość Lands, "Zamojszczyzna") under the Nazi Generalplan Ost. The uprising lasted from 1942 to 1944.

The defense of the Zamość region is considered to be among the largest actions of the Polish resistance.pl icon [http://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo.php?id=3871190 Armia Krajowa] . Encyklopedia PWN. Last accessed on 14 March 2008.]

German atrocities

In 1942, the Zamość region, due to its fertile black soil, was chosen for further German colonisation in the General Government as part of Generalplan Ost.www.deathcamps.org/occupation/zamosc%20ghetto.html "Zamosc Ghetto". Last retrieved on March 16, 2008] Joseph Poprzeczny, "Odilo Globocnik, Hitler's Man in the East", McFarland, 2004, ISBN 0786416254, [http://books.google.com/books?id=gjOO6ui8SIkC&pg=PA110&vq=Zamosc&dq=%22Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87+Uprising%22+-wikipedia&source=gbs_search_s&sig=YlJNpg9GF1yU8bl99WYizvmGUys Google Print, p.110-111] ] In fact the Zamość region expulsions and colonization can be considered the beginning of the large-scale implementation of the Generalplan Ost.Joseph Poprzeczny, "Odilo Globocnik, Hitler's Man in the East", McFarland, 2004, ISBN 0786416254, [http://books.google.com/books?id=gjOO6ui8SIkC&pg=PA181&vq=Zamosc&dq=%22Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87+Uprising%22+-wikipedia&source=gbs_search_s&sig=QhqJQ3XIroQcCnh-QQJTz4uzU3c Google Print, p.181] ] The city itself was to be renamed "Himmlerstadt" (Himmler City), later changed to Pflugstadt (Plow City), which was to symbolise the German "plow" that was to "plow the East". The German occupiers had planned the relocation of at least 60,000 ethnic Germans to the area before the end of 1943. An initial "test trial" expulsion was performed in November 1941, and the whole operation ended in anti-partisan pacification operations combined with expulsions in June/July 1943 which were codenamed Wehrwolf Action I and II.

Over 110,000 Polish people from approximately 300 villages were expelled to make room for German (and to a lesser extent, Ukrainian) settlers as part of Nazi plans for establishment of German colonies in the conquered territories (Generalplan Ost).Norman Davies, "God's Playground: A History of Poland", Columbia University Press, 2005, [http://books.google.com/books?id=EBpghdZeIwAC&pg=PA338&vq=Zamosc&dq=%22Zamosc%22+resistance+-wikipedia&as_brr=3&source=gbs_search_s&sig=-sBnyR8XEEZGCDInU1lpHhBSrXs Google Print, p.338] ] Tadeusz Piotrowski, "Poland's Holocaust", McFarland & Company, 1997, ISBN 0-7864-0371-3. [http://books.google.com/books?id=hC0-dk7vpM8C&pg=PA22&vq=Zamosc&dq=%22Zamosc%22+resistance+-wikipedia&lr=&as_brr=3&source=gbs_search_s&sig=vKTuWb1abXVMG2M5fB0Gu31EXSE Google Print, p.22] ] Some villagers were resettled in the Warsaw or Lublin area, but about 50,000 of those expelled were sent as forced labour to Germany, and some others were sent to the Nazi concentration camps. Some villages were simply razed and inhabitants executed. Additionally almost 30,000 children were kidnapped by German authorities from their parents for potential Germanisation.pl icon "Polacy wypędzeni", IPN Bulletin, nr5(40) May 2004] Lukas, Richard C. "Did the Children Cry? Hitler's War against Jewish and Polish Children, 1939-1945". Hippocrene Books, New York, 2001]

Polish resistance

Local people resisted the action with great determination; they escaped into forests, organised self-defence, helped people who were expelled, and bribed kidnapped children out of German hands.Joseph Poprzeczny, "Odilo Globocnik, Hitler's Man in the East", McFarland, 2004, ISBN 0786416254, [http://books.google.com/books?id=gjOO6ui8SIkC&pg=PA182&vq=Zamosc&dq=%22Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87+Uprising%22+-wikipedia&source=gbs_search_s&sig=qTRb5RqgYXirPyn4BeIX8op2q9Y Google Print, p.182] ] Units of Polish resistance (primarily of Armia Krajowa and Bataliony Chłopskie) as well as elements of Soviet partisans and the pro-Soviet Gwardia Ludowa helped to evacuate Polish civilians and assaulted German colonists and forces in the region.Joseph Poprzeczny, "Odilo Globocnik, Hitler's Man in the East", McFarland, 2004, ISBN 0786416254, [http://books.google.com/books?id=gjOO6ui8SIkC&pg=PA142&vq=Zamosc&dq=%22Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87+Uprising%22+-wikipedia&source=gbs_search_s&sig=pGYIlADu7sousxWiXVR7TeGafII Google Print, p.142] ] In December 1942 one of the first large-scale partisan battles of WWII occurred in the region. The resistance forces numbered over several thousand armed forest fighters. The first phase of the resistance took place from December 1942 to February 1943; the Germans then lessened their activities for a few months but counterattacked in June, with major anti-partisan actions and terror directed against the civilian population ("Wehrwolf Action I" and II).

Nonetheless after several major battles between the partisans and the German units (the most notable being the battles of Wojda, Róża, Zaboreczno, Długi Kat, Lasowce and HrubieszówJoseph Poprzeczny, "Odilo Globocnik, Hitler's Man in the East", McFarland, 2004, ISBN 0786416254, [http://books.google.com/books?id=gjOO6ui8SIkC&pg=PA190&vq=Zamosc&dq=%22Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87+Uprising%22+-wikipedia&source=gbs_search_s&cad=5&sig=yDlyepRKgv88IislzrfGcUL3KoE Google Print, p.190] ] ), the Germans had to halt the action and in the end very few German settlers were brought to the area. [Włodzimierz Borodziej, "The Warsaw Uprising of 1944", Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2005, ISBN 0299207307, [http://books.google.com/books?id=YHO0F65ifDIC&pg=PA41&dq=%22Zamosc%22+resistance+-wikipedia&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=jsveR4nQGZO0yQTxv9DmCQ&sig=jb8JN8h9GPUmhVf-HJohcnoD3Cs Google Print, p.41] ] Until the middle of 1943, the Germans managed to settle 8,000 colonists; the number increased by a couple of thousand in 1944. The increasing harassment from the partisans meant that the Germans began to lose the control of the region as early as the spring of 1943.

In the first half of 1944 Polish civilians and resistance was also attacked by Ukrainian units of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (see massacres of Poles in Volhynia). Nonetheless by the summer of 1944 the Polish partisans, based in the large forests of the region had taken control of most of the countryside, limiting German control to the major towns. In the summer of 1944 Germans again initiated major anti-partisan operations (Sturmwind I and Sturmwind II) which resulted in the battle of Osuchy (one of the largest battles between the Polish resistance and Nazi Germany), with the insurgents sustaining heavy casualties. [Martin Gilbert, "Second World War A Complete History", Holt Paperbacks, 2004, ISBN 0805076239, [http://books.google.com/books?id=xxdTZE2zREMC&pg=RA4-PA542&vq=osuchy&dq=Osuchy&as_brr=3&sig=eCCdHLUNRN7xjHiSVUwqK72T-To Google Print, p.542] ] However soon afterwards, in July, the remaining Polish units took part in the nationwide Operation Tempest and managed to liberate several towns and villages in the Zamość region. The Germans, pressured by the advancing Red Army, were forced to abandon the region.

Remembrance

Several monuments, museums and cemeteries have been raised in the area over time. In the People's Republic of Poland the actions of the communist Armia Ludowa were emphasized at the expense of those of the non-communist resistance.

A recent Polish documentary dedicated to the uprising has been recognized in the New York Festivals of 2008 with a bronze medal. [http://www.stopklatka.pl/wydarzenia/wydarzenie.asp?wi=42288&strona=] [http://www.roztocze.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1283&Itemid=94] [http://www.film.gildia.pl/newsy/archiwum/2008/02/tvp-medal-ny] [http://www.gazetawyborcza.pl/1,76842,4894954.html]

ee also

*Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany

References

:General
*Polish|Powstanie zamojskie|14 March 2008:Inline

External links

* [http://books.google.com/books?id=gjOO6ui8SIkC&pg=PA179&vq=Globocnik's+order&dq=%22Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87+Uprising%22+-wikipedia&source=gbs_search_s&sig=JWl45JMjssJRsh2bcB7KNpz0XJg German order, dated 22 November 1943, for the ethnic cleansing of the Zamosc Lands] (issued by Odilo Globocnik)
*pl icon Andrzej Jerzy Krukowski, [http://www.zsp4zamosc.edu.pl/inno/inno11.html POWSTANIE ZAMOJSKIE 1942 - 1943]
*pl icon [http://www.dws.xip.pl/PW/pw40.html Bitwa o Zamojszczyznę]
*pl icon Zygmunt Puźniak, [http://www.tygodnikzamojski.pl/tz.php?get=dzial,7475 POWSTANIE ZAMOJSKIE CZY JÓZEFOWSKIE?] , Tygodnik Zamojski, 27 luty 2008
*pl icon [http://ww6.tvp.pl/3167,20060505337775.strona Powstanie Zamojskie] , TVP 3 Lublin, 31 October 2006

Further reading

* Janusz Gmitruk, "Powstanie Zamojskie", Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego, 2003, ISBN 83-87838-69-1
* Jan Grygiel, "Związek Walki Zbrojnej i Armia Krajowa w Obwodzie Zamojskim 1939-1944", Polskie Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1985
* "Walki oddziałów ZWZ-AK i BCh Inspektoratu Zamojskiego w latach wojny 1939-1944", Związek Żołnierzy Armii Krajowej Okręg Zamość 1990


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Zamość — For other places with the same name, see Zamość (disambiguation). Zamość City Hall and tenements …   Wikipedia

  • Zamość Fortress — ( pl. Twierdza Zamość) is a set of fortifications constructed together with the city of Zamość (southeastern Poland). It was built between 1579 and 1618, and the construction was initiated by Chancellor and Hetman Jan Zamoyski. [… …   Wikipedia

  • November Uprising — Kingdom of Poland (November Uprising) Królestwo Polskie (Powstanie listopadowe) ← …   Wikipedia

  • Kraków Uprising — The Kraków Uprising of February 1846 was an attempt, led by Edward Dembowski, to incite a Polish fight for national independence. Even though most of Poland (Congress Poland) was part of the Russian Empire, the Polish risings were conducted… …   Wikipedia

  • Częstochowa Ghetto Uprising — The Częstochowa Ghetto Uprising was an insurrection in Poland s Częstochowa Ghetto against German occupation forces during World War II. The first Jewish Ghetto of Częstochowa (the “Large Ghetto”) was established by the German Nazis in April 1941 …   Wikipedia

  • Warsaw Uprising Museum — Warsaw Rising Museum Muzeum Powstania Warszawskiego Replica of the B 24 Liberator Established February 10, 1983 (opened July 31, 2004) …   Wikipedia

  • Khmelnytsky Uprising — Part of The Deluge Battle of Berestechko …   Wikipedia

  • Ostrzanin Uprising — Part of a series on Cossacks …   Wikipedia

  • Operation Tempest — For other uses, see Tempest (disambiguation). Part of a series on the …   Wikipedia

  • Czesława Kwoka — As an inmate at Auschwitz concentration camp in late 1942 or early 1943 Photograph credit: Auschwitz Birkenau State Museum and Wilhelm Brasse Born August 15, 1928(1928 08 15) …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”