Amerika (magazine)

Amerika was a Russian language publication of the United States Department of State for distribution in the Soviet Union during the Cold War to inform Soviets about American life. [Creghton Peet: "Russian "Amerika," a Magazine about U. S. for Soviet Citizens", College Art Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Autumn, 1951), pp. 17-20] The magazine has been described as "polite propaganda" and featured high quality photography and articles about everyday life in the United States, as well as profiles of famous American people and institutions. [ Walter L. Hixson: "Parting the Curtain: Propaganda, Culture, and the Cold War, 1945-1961" (McMillan 1997), p.118]

Beginning in 1944, the State Department began circulating 10,000 copies in the Soviet Union. The magazine was instantly popular and sold out all of its copies virtually overnight. In June, 1947, the Soviet Union authorized an increase to 50,000 copies. [ Ibid. p. 6] By the late 1940s, the State Department began to feel that radio and the Voice of America would be more effective propaganda tools and, in 1952, publication of "Amerika" was suspended. [ Ibid. pp. 32, 117] However, in 1956, the U.S. and Soviet governments agreed to exchange magazines and "Amerika" was reborn and published in return for distribution of "USSR" in the United States. [ Ibid. p. 117] The magazine was again an immediate success, selling out quickly. [ Ibid. p. 118]

In his study of the propaganda of the era, University of Akron history professor [http://www3.uakron.edu/history/hixson/ Walter L. HIxson] writes that "Amerika" was wildly popular among Soviet readers and notes that long lines would form when the magazine went on sale. Because the magazine sparked discussion among the Soviet intelligentsia and because each issue was widely shared, "Amerika" had impact and influence beyond its circulation of 50,000. The U.S. government felt that the magazine made a valuable contribution to better understanding of America by the Soviet people and was an effective counterpart to Soviet propaganda. [ Ibid. pp. 118-119]

Sample articles published in "Amerika" include:

* A Skyscraper’s Walls Built in One Day, a photo-story showing how the walls of a tower block on Park Avenue, New York were completed in a period of just 10 hours
* A Young Farmer Harvests 1,165 Poods (Approx 36lbs) of Corn from One Hectare of Land
* Examples of Cheap Furniture, showing home furnishings all of which were cheaper than $25
* Supermarkets – A New Era in Shopping
* The Automobile – Inside and Outside
* The War on Polio
* A Prosthetic Surgeon
* A School Where Children Learn the Science of Life
* A School in the Open Air
* How to Make a Dress Simply in One Day
* How to Score Points in Basketball
* America's 1956 Automobiles
* Fashions Under Twenty Dollars
* Best Dressed College Girls
* Television for the Millions
* Facts About the U.S.: The Negro Today
* Numerous articles about African-American jazz musicians
* Numerous articles about American artists [Mike O’Mahony: "Juvenile delinquency and art in Amerika", Art On The Line, 2004/1 (1)] [Hixson, p.118]

The magazine ceased publication in 1994. [ Ibid. p. 229]

Professor Hixson reported that all issues of "Amerika" are archived in the Office of Historical Collections, United States Information Agency, Washington D.C. [ Ibid. p. 258] but a review of the National Archives' webpage concerning the records of the USIA suggests that this may no longer be true. [http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/306.html#306.2 (Accessed March 10, 2008)]

Notable Contributors

From 1946 until 1952, "Amerika" was edited by Marion K. Sanders. The staff also included linguists Horace Lunt, David Simon and Dick Burge.

Jane Jacobs worked for many years for "Amerika" writing articles on American architecture, school planning, housing, slum clearance, and U.S. places and cities, presaging some of her work in "The Death and Life of Great American Cities" [Peter Laurence: Jane Jacobs Before Death and Life, The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians / 66:1, March, 2007]

References

External links

* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,801913,00.html June 6, 1949 Time Magazine article concerning "Amerika"]
* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,859806,00.html June 23, 1952 Time Magazine article concerning the demise of "Amerika"]