Lucina C. Broadwell

Lucina Courser Broadwell was murdered in Barre, Vermont, United States on May 4, 1919. [Lucina Broadwell's Certificate of Death, Barre Clerk's Office, Washington County, State of Vermont.] The murder of the 29-year-old mother of three shocked and consumed the community of 17,000 during the summer and fall of 1919. Her murder was considered "one of the most horrendous crimes to take place in Vermont up to that time." [Belding, Patricia W., One Less Woman, A Vermont Murder: 1919 (2006), p. 2.] Lucina was buried in Johnson, Vermont, on Wednesday, May 7, 1919. ["Woman was Strangled and Naked Body Left in Garden Off Main St.", Barre Daily Times, May 5, 1919, at 1.]

Early life

Little is known about Lucina Courser Broadwell's early life. Lucina was born on July 26, 1889. [Lucina Broadwell's Certificate of Death, Barre Clerk's Office, Washington County, State of Vermont.] She was raised by her parents, Mr. and Mrs. George Courser in Johnson, Vt. In 1910, Lucina married Harry Broadwell, a carpenter, and moved to Barre in 1915. [Belding, p. 9.] They had three children, Doris, Hildred, and Wendell. [Bottamini, Richardard, "The Bawdy House Murder", Central Vermont Magazine (Winter 1990), p. 43.] At the time of her murder, Lucina was described a: " [a] woman . . . of rather slight build, probably not weighing over 110 pounds and being about five feet, three inches tall. She was of rather dark complexion and with regular features with the exception of prominent cheekbones." [Belding, p. 7.]

Murder

On the morning of Sunday, May 4, 1919, at approximately 7:30, Harold Jackson, a resident of Brookfield, VT, came across the body of Lucina Broadwell, while on a morning walk. Lucina's body was lying face down in the Wheelock garden, off North Main Street. When found, Lucina was only clothed in "shoes, stockings, and kid gloves." [Belding, p. 2-3.] Her clothing, hat, pocketbook, and Waltham watch were found within several feet of the body. [Belding, p. 6.] The murder scene has been described as follows:

Her hat was found 8 feet from her body; her Waltham watch 13 feet away, and her empty pocketbook, 5 feet beyond that. The gold watch, with its closed case and clasp, was etched with the initials L.P.C., her maiden name: Lucina Phillips Courser. When thrown from her body, the watch was still running. . . . There were clothes, including what were called “corsets,” under the body. A pile of other clothing was tossed in a heap nearby. Some of these articles were torn and when they were picked up, several buttons fell to the ground. [Belding, p. 6.]

Lucina's hands were tied behind her back with one of her undergarmets. [Bottamini, p. 42.] A portion of her undergarmets and a man's white handkerchief were tied around her neck; it was apparent from the marks on her neck that she had been strangled. [Bottamini, p. 42.]

Wood Detective Agency Investigation

James R. Wood, Jr., of the Wood Detective Agency (Boston, MA) was hired by the State of Vermont to conduct an investigation into the murder. Wood was considered a "Chief Detective" and was considered "the best known detective in New England." [Belding, p. 23.] Wood and his team had arrived in Barre on May 7th, the same day as Lucina's funeral before her body was transferred to Johnson for burial. [Belding, p. 12, 23.] At the end of the investigation Wood stated that the Broadwell case was "one of the strongest circumstantial cases ever tried." [Investigation of Lucina Broadwell Murder by James Wood, Jr., p. 2, available at the Harvard Law School Library.]

When Wood arrived in Barre, he met with Attorney General Archibald and other local officials. [Wood Investigation, p. 4.] It had already been deduced that Lucina had been murdered at the Buzzell Hotel and her body moved to the garden where it was ultimately found. Wood interviewed Harry Broadwell, because at that time, it was largely believed that Harry killed Lucina. Wood, however, quickly dismissed this theory since Harry had "a perfect alibi" for all of his activities the night of the murder. [Wood Investigation, p. 4-6.] Harry did reveal that he believed his wife was "sporty." [Wood Investigatoin, p. 5.] Wood quickly identified George R. Long as a person of interest. Long, at that time, was a resident of the Parker house. Harry had told Wood that he suspected Lucina was having an affair with a resident of the Parker house. [Wood Investigation, p. 7.] When initially questioned, Long denied having met Lucina. [Wood Investigation, p. 7.]

Wood also followed another lead provided by Harry Broadwell. Harry had told Wood that Lucina had a good friend by the name of Grace Grimes, who had relocated to the Boston area. Wood immediately had his office locate Grace. When interviewed, Grace confirmed that she often corresponded with Lucina by letter and that her most recent letter was from the day of the murder. In the letter, Lucina spoke about meeting a lodger of Mrs. Isabelle Parker's named George. [Wood Investigaton, p. 8.] During the interview with Grace it surfaced that Parker ran a brothel and hosted "so-called cheating parties." [Wood Investigation, p. 9.] Lucina had participated on numerous occasions. [Wood Investigation, p. 8-9.]

Upon his return to Vermont, Wood interviewed Isabelle Parker, who admitted that Lucina had been at her house the night of the murder and met with Long. There was evidence that Lucina and Long had dinner together and her autopsy showed that she had eaten approximately 1 hour prior to her murder. [Wood Investigation, p. 10.] A search of Parker's house revealed the "Famous Red Book," which listed her customers, "many prominent people, both male and female, of Barre, Vermont." [Wood Investigation, p. 10.] Wood was able to deduce how Parker operated her brothel in downtown Barre:

She would go about Barre and get a line of the different men and women who were inclined to be a little sporty. For example, if she knew I was a married man and like to step out, she would make it her business to form my acquaintance and eventually tell me that a certain woman, either married or single, was infatuated with me and would like to meet me. She would invite me down toher [sic] house at a certain time and tell me to come in the back door and when I arrived, would introduce me to some woman, either married or single, whom she had told the same story to that she had told me, namely she would tell the woman that I desired to meet her. In that way she would bring the couples together and they would have their parties there, and naturally the men would pay her something for the use of the room or rooms. [Wood Investigation, p. 11.]

One week after the body of Lucina was found, Wood questioned Long once again. After disclosing what Parker admitted to, Long finally confessed to knowing Lucina, but denied murdering her. [Wood Investigation, p. 12.]

Wood's investigation proved invaluable to the Broadwell prosecution team. It was Wood that found two major clues: (1) "a tire track beside the street curb near where the body was found" and (2) the owner of the handkerchief that was tied around Lucina's neck. [Bottamini, p. 43.] The tire track was eventually traced back to a car rented by Long. The owner of the handkerchief, Eddie Barron, testified at Long's trial that the handkerchief had been given to Long by Barron. [Bottamini, p. 43.]

It is also interesting to note the fact that Wood kept his notes very detailed. At one point in his report he stated that he "had become disgusted and had left Vermont." [Wood Investigation, p. 9.] He also recorded how the local officials "told me they thought I was crazy and thought I had been on a wild goose chase." [Wood Investigation, p. 9.] Another excellent example of how Wood included details about his own experiences intermixed with his investigation is his discussion of his first night in Vermont:

I then spent the entire night at work alone on this case. I visited the lot where the body was found, visited the Buzzell Hotel, studied the lightening conditions and decided then that Mrs. Broadwell wasnot [sic] killed in the Buzzell Hotel. I returned to the hotel shortly before breakfast, no one knowing that I had been working all night. [Wood Investgation, p. 9.]

Trial of George R. Long

On Thursday, May 15, George Long and Isabelle Parker were arrested and taken to the county jail in Montpelier. [Belding, pp. 25-26.] Arraignments occurred on Friday, May 16 and both Long and Parker were assigned Attorney J. Ward Carver for their defense. [Belding, pp. 30-31.] Earle Davis represented the State. The Grand Jury hearing was scheduled for June 5. [Belding, p. 37.] It is interesting to note that during the period between the arraignments and the grand jury proceedings, it was found that George Long was actually George Rath, and had only taken the name "Long" prior to moving to Vermont. It was alleged that he had an extensive criminal record. [Belding, p. 36.] On June 11th, Long and Parker were indicted by the Grand Jury. [Belding, p. 41.]

The trial of George Long began on October 7, 1919 at 9am with jury selection. [Belding, pp. 48-49.] On Friday, October 10, opening statements were made by the prosection and the defense, with a courtroom filled to capacity. [Belding, p. 50.] On Monday, October 20, Long's second statement to authorities was read into evidence at the trial. In this statement he admitted to paying Lucina for sexual relations and Mrs. Parker for providing the room. [Belding, p. 78.] On Friday, October 24, Daisy Luce testified that she spoke with George Long the morning that Luciana's body was discovered. During this conversation, Long stated: "There would be one less woman in Barre." [Belding, p. 109.]

Long's trial lasted one month before it went to the jury. In its closing statement, the Defense argued that Long had no motive to kill Lucina since they were intimate partners. [Belding, p. 132.] The prosecution, on the other hand, demonized Long referring to him as a "thing." [Belding, p. 135.] The prosecution relied heavily on the circumstantial evidence provided by the Wood Detective Agency. [Belding, pp. 136-37.] On October 31, the judge gave the jury its instructions. [Belding, p. 138.] That afternoon, the jury came back with its verdict. At 3:30, the jury announced that George Long was found guilty of the second-degree murder of Lucina C. Broadwell. Sentencing was set for November 5, at which time he was ordered to serve a term of life imprisonment. [Belding, p. 141.]

After sentencing, Long was moved to the Windsor State Prison to carry out his sentence. He appealed his case with exceptions made during the trial. In 1922, the Vermont Supreme Court held in State v. Long that " [t] he record shows a brutal killing--one unmistabkably indicating cool depravity of heart and wanton cruelty." [State v. Long, 95 Vt. 485, 115 A.734, 739 (1922).] His appeal was denied.

Trial of Isabelle Parker

Once the Long trial concluded, Isabelle Parker became the court's focus. Parker, while initially implicated in Lucina's murder, was only charged with "conducting a house of ill fame." [Belding, p. 151.] Parker pled guilty to the charge and was sentenced to two to four years imprisonment. Due to her health, officials allowed her to remain free while she petitioned the governor for clemency. Her petition was denied on April 23, 1920 and she began her sentence of April 26. [Belding, p. 161.] Parker served 2.5 years. She died on September 5, 1922. [Belding, p. 161.]

Local Interest

Lucina's murder captivated the residents of Barre, and indeed the entire state of Vermont. There were almost daily reports on the murder, its investigation, and the trials of Long and Parker, in the Barre Daily Times throughout the summer and fall of 1919.

In 1990, Richard Bottamini published "The Bawdy House Murder" in The Central Vermont Magazine. The article gives a concise history of the murder and the subsequent trial of George Long.

In 2006, Vermont historian Patricia Belding published One Less Woman, a book that chronicles the events following Lucina's murder. Belding's book relies heavily on the newspaper reports of the Barre Daily Times for information regarding the murder and the trials of both Long and Parker. The book also provides pictures of the main players in the book, as well as the actual murder scene.

References

ee also

* Barre (city), Vermont
* Johnson, VT
* State v. Long, 95 Vt. 485, 115 A. 734 (1922), for the Vermont Supreme Court's ruling on George Long's appeal.

External links

* Wood Detective Agency Files, Harvard Law School Special Collections [http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~law00102]

* Lucina C. Broadwell's Burial Site, Find A Grave [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GScid=1981904&GRid=14444991&]

* City of Barre [http://www.barrecity.org/]