Biens nationaux

The idea of national good appeared at the time of the French revolution. It was a question for the revolutionary capacity of forfeited the real goods belonging to the clergy or afterward with the noble deposed ones in order to controlling the cases of the State.

Confiscation of the goods of the clergy

A few months after the Revolution, the public purses are causing destruction. To control this problem, the Talleyrand deputy has the idea to take away the goods of the clergy. Therefore on November 2, 1789,the constituent French National Assembly decides that all the goods of the clergy "will be placed at the disposal of the nation" . These goods will be henceforth-national goods, planned to put for the biddings to fill the cases of the State.This payment of legacy, evaluated to just about 3 billion books constitutes a substantial profit for the finance public. The location on sale is entrusted to the extraordinary Case, formed on December 19.

The difficulty is that the sale of so many goods takes time, at least a year. It is a time too much long, the cases of the State are then empty and the bankruptcy will appear before all is not sold. Therefore is decided to produce, the very same day creation of the astonishing Case, tickets whose value is assigned on the goods of the clergy. The assignat was born.Assignats were banknotes that was issued by the National Constituent Assembly during the French Revolution in France. The assignats were distributed after the elimination of church properties in 1790 because the government was bankrupt. The government thought that printing certificates express the value of church properties could explain the financial problems. These church lands became recognized as biens nationaux.

Initially meant as bonds, they develop from a currency used as legal tender. As there was no control over the amount to be printed, the value of the assignats went beyond the limits of the confiscated properties. This caused enormous hyperinflation. In the beginning of 1792, they had lost most of their supposed value.

This hyperinflation was inspired by continual food shortages. Rather than solving the financial problems, the assignats became a method for (food) riots. Insecurity continued after the elimination of the monarchy, situation got worse by the wars France faced. These circumstances interfere with the completion of good financial policies that would reduce debts. Bills such as the Maximum Price Act of 1793 meant to control price increases.

When the Directoire came into power in 1795 the Maximum Price Act was lifted. High monetary inflation reemerged and in the next four years Paris was the phase of yet more riots.The price increases was finally solved by Napoleon in 1803 by introducing the franc as the new currency. By this time, the assignats were essentially worthless.

The French Revolution: an economic interpretation

Actually there will be two phases in the sale of the goods: those of first origin, which relate to the church goods or of the fields of the Crown, those of second origin, which belonged to the emigrants. The department of Herault is separated into four districts, which cover with some alternatives the four districts, which existed until 1926.

August 14 1792 order the parceling out of the batches in order to allow their gaining by people having few financial means. These laws will be useful in the district of Béziers. In Cazouls of Herault for example 94 batches have less than 1 hectare and between them 29 are shaped by the parceling out of only one field.

A exacting provision, the goods of 500 pounds goes in the same way "the heads of not-owners household lying in the communes where there are no communal grounds, will have faculty to buy goods of emigrants, to amount of 500 pounds each one, payable in twenty annual installments without interest"Following in order to this law the communes were to draw up in one month the state of the heads of household or widowers or widows having children who do not have any material goods and who are not included/understood on the roles of the impositions.

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