- Hard-paste porcelain
url= http://www.vam.ac.uk/images/image/38634-popup.html
title= Porcelain dish
work=Ceramics
accessdate= 2007-12-06] Victoria and Albert Museum, London] Hard-paste porcelain is a hardceramic that was originally made from a compound of thefeldspathic rockpetuntse andkaolin fired at very high temperature. It was first made inChina around the9th century .Historically, "hard-paste" referred to the
Asia n porcelains that had been prepared from the aforementioned raw materials. The secret of its manufacture was not known inEurope until1709 , whenBöttger of Meissen, Germany discovered the formula. Despite attempts to keep it secret, the process spread to other Germanceramic factories and eventually throughoutEurope . Hard-paste, or just hard porcelain, now chiefly refers to formulatons prepared from mixtures ofkaolin ,feldspar andquartz . Other raw materials can also be used and these include porcelain and pottery stones. These are the same aspetunse , but this name has long fallen out of use. Hard-paste porcelain is now differentiated fromsoft-paste porcelain mainly by the firing temperature, with the former being higher to around 1400 degrees Celsius and the latter to around 1200 degrees Celsius. [ Singer, F. and Singer, S.S., Industrial Ceramics (Chapman Hall, 1963) .] [Rado, Paul, An Introduction To The Technology Of Pottery (Pergamon Press, 1988) .] Depending on the raw materials and firing methods used, hard-paste porcelain can also resemblestoneware orearthenware . Hard-paste porcelain can be utilized to make porcelain bisque, a particularly hard type of porcelain. It is a translucent and bright, white ceramic. With it being almost impermeable to water it is unnecessary to glaze the body. Manufactures includeLladro , Hummel, andRoyal Worcester .ee also
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Soft-paste porcelain
*Bone china References
External links
*Teapots.net. "The Invention of Hard-Paste Porcelain". History of Teapots. http://www.teapots.net/porcelain.html
*ThePotteries.org. "Hard paste porcelain". Types and Examples of Pottery. http://www.thepotteries.org/types/hardpaste.htm
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