List of countries by Human Development Index

World map by quartiles of Human Development Index in 2011.

  Very High

  High

  Medium

  Low

  Data unavailable

World map indicating the Human Development Index (based on 2011 data, published on Nov 2, 2011).^[1]

0.900 and over   0.850–0.899   0.800–0.849   0.750–0.799   0.700–0.749

0.650–0.699   0.600–0.649   0.550–0.599   0.500–0.549   0.450–0.499

0.400–0.449   0.350–0.399   0.300–0.349   under 0.300   Data unavailable

This is a list of all countries by Human Development Index as included in a United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report (released on 2 November 2011, compiled on the basis of estimates for 2011. It covers 185 member states of the United Nations (out of 193), along with Hong Kong (of the People's Republic of China), and the Palestinian territories; 8 UN member states are not included due to lack of data. The average HDI of regions of the World and groups of countries are also included for comparison.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education and standards of living for countries worldwide. It is a standard means of measuring well-being, especially child welfare. It is used to distinguish whether the country is a developed, a developing or an under-developed country, and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life. The index was developed in 1990 by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq^[2] and Indian economist Amartya Sen.^[3]

Countries fall into four broad human development categories, each of which comprises 47 countries: Very High Human Development, High Human Development, Medium Human Development and Low Human Development (46 countries in this category).

Due to the new methodology adopted since the 2010 Human Development Report, its HDI figures appear lower than the HDI figures in previous reports.

From 2007 to 2010, the first category was referred to as developed countries, and the last three are all grouped in developing countries. The original "high human development" category has been split into two as above in the report for 2007.

Some older groupings (high/medium/low income countries) have been removed that were based on the gross domestic product (GDP) in purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, and have been replaced by another index based on the gross national income (GNI) in purchasing power parity per capita.

The country with the largest decrease in HDI since 1998 is Zimbabwe, falling from 0.514 in 1998 to 0.140 in 2010. The country with the largest decrease since 2009 is Cape Verde, which decreased by 0.170.

Over half of the world's population live in countries with "medium human development" (51%), while less than a fifth (18%) populate countries falling in the "low human development" category. Countries with "high" to "very high" human development account for less than a third of the world's total population (30%).

Complete list of countries

2011 Very High HDI nations, by population size Europe    489.0 N. America    325.0 Asia    205.1 S. America    58 Oceania    25.8

• = increase.
• = steady.
• = decrease.
• Similar HDI values in the current list do not lead to ranking ties, since the HDI rank is actually determined using HDI values to the sixth decimal point.
• The number in brackets represents the number of ranks the country has climbed (up or down) relative to new 2011 data for 2010 (as indicated in the new 2011 report, p. 131).

Very high human development

Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010 [1] 1  Norway 0.943 0.002 2  Australia 0.929 0.002 3  Netherlands 0.910 0.001 4  United States 0.910 0.002 5  New Zealand 0.908 6  Canada 0.908 0.001 7  Ireland 0.908 0.001 8  Liechtenstein 0.905 0.001 9  Germany 0.905 0.002 10  Sweden 0.904 0.003 11  Switzerland 0.903 0.002 12  Japan 0.901 0.002 13 (1)  Hong Kong 0.898 0.004 14 (1)  Iceland 0.898 0.002 15  South Korea 0.897 0.003 16  Denmark 0.895 0.002 17  Israel 0.888 0.002 18  Belgium 0.886 0.001 19  Austria 0.885 0.002 20  France 0.884 0.001 21  Slovenia 0.884 0.002 22  Finland 0.882 0.002 23  Spain 0.878 0.002 24  Italy 0.874 0.001

Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010 [1] 25  Luxembourg 0.867 0.002 26  Singapore 0.866 0.002 27  Czech Republic 0.865 0.002 28  United Kingdom 0.863 0.001 29  Greece 0.861 0.001 30  United Arab Emirates 0.846 0.001 31  Cyprus 0.840 0.001 32  Andorra 0.838 33  Brunei 0.838 0.001 34  Estonia 0.835 0.003 35  Slovakia 0.834 0.002 36  Malta 0.832 0.002 37  Qatar 0.831 0.006 38  Hungary 0.816 0.002 39  Poland 0.813 0.002 40 (1)  Lithuania 0.810 0.005 41 (1)  Portugal 0.809 0.001 42  Bahrain 0.806 0.001 43  Latvia 0.805 0.003 44  Chile 0.805 0.003 45 (1)  Argentina 0.797 0.003 46 (1)  Croatia 0.796 0.002 47  Barbados 0.793 0.002

High human development

Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010 [1] 48  Uruguay 0.783 0.003 49  Palau 0.782 0.003 50  Romania 0.781 0.002 51  Cuba 0.776 0.003 52  Seychelles 0.773 0.002 53  Bahamas 0.771 0.001 54 (1)  Montenegro 0.771 0.002 55 (1)  Bulgaria 0.771 0.003 56 (2)  Saudi Arabia 0.770 0.003 57  Mexico 0.770 0.003 58 (1)  Panama 0.768 0.003 59 (1)  Serbia 0.766 0.002 60 (1)  Antigua and Barbuda 0.764 0.001 61 (3)  Malaysia 0.761 0.003 62 (1)  Trinidad and Tobago 0.760 0.002 63 (-1)  Kuwait 0.760 0.002 64 (-10)  Libya 0.760 0.010 65  Belarus 0.756 0.005 66  Russian Federation 0.755 0.004 67  Grenada 0.748 0.002 68 (1)  Kazakhstan 0.745 0.005 69 (-1)  Costa Rica 0.744 0.002 70 (1)  Albania 0.739 0.002 71 (-1)  Lebanon 0.739 0.002

Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010 [1] 72  Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.735 73  Venezuela 0.735 0.001 74  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.733 0.002 75  Georgia 0.733 0.004 76 (3)  Ukraine 0.729 0.004 77  Mauritius 0.728 0.002 78 (-2)  Macedonia 0.728 0.002 79 (-2)  Jamaica 0.727 0.001 80 (1)  Peru 0.725 0.004 81 (-1)  Dominica 0.724 0.001 82  Saint Lucia 0.723 0.003 83  Ecuador 0.720 0.002 84 (1)  Brazil 0.718 0.003 85 (-1)  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.717 0.002 86  Armenia 0.716 0.002 87 (1)  Colombia 0.710 0.003 88 (-1)  Iran 0.707 89  Oman 0.705 0.001 90  Tonga 0.704 0.001 91  Azerbaijan 0.700 0.001 92 (3)  Turkey 0.699 0.003 93 (-1)  Belize 0.699 0.001 94 (-1)  Tunisia 0.698

Medium human development

Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010 [1] 95 (-1)  Jordan 0.698 0.001 96  Algeria 0.698 0.002 97 (1)  Sri Lanka 0.691 0.005 98 (2)  Dominican Republic 0.689 0.003 99  Samoa 0.688 0.002 100 (-3)  Fiji 0.688 0.001 101  China 0.687 0.005 102  Turkmenistan 0.686 0.005 103  Thailand 0.682 0.002 104  Suriname 0.680 0.003 105  El Salvador 0.674 0.002 106  Gabon 0.674 0.004 107  Paraguay 0.665 0.003 108  Bolivia 0.663 0.003 109  Maldives 0.661 0.003 110  Mongolia 0.653 0.006 111  Moldova 0.649 0.005 112 (1)  Philippines 0.644 0.003 113 (-1)  Egypt 0.644 114 Palestinian territories 0.641 0.001 115  Uzbekistan 0.641 0.005 116  Micronesia, Federated States of 0.636 0.001 117 (2)  Guyana 0.633 0.004 118 (-1)  Botswana 0.633 0.002

Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010 [1] 119 (-1)  Syrian Arab Republic 0.632 0.001 120 (1)  Namibia 0.625 0.003 121 (-1)  Honduras 0.625 0.002 122  Kiribati 0.624 0.003 123 (1)  South Africa 0.619 0.004 124 (1)  Indonesia 0.617 0.004 125 (-2)  Vanuatu 0.617 0.002 126  Kyrgyzstan 0.615 0.004 127  Tajikistan 0.607 0.003 128  Viet Nam 0.593 0.003 129  Nicaragua 0.589 0.002 130  Morocco 0.582 0.003 131  Guatemala 0.574 0.001 132  Iraq 0.573 0.006 133  Cape Verde 0.568 0.002 134  India 0.547 0.005 135 (1)  Ghana 0.541 0.008 136 (-1)  Equatorial Guinea 0.537 0.003 137  Congo 0.533 0.005 138 (1)  Laos 0.524 0.004 139 (2)  Cambodia 0.523 0.005 140 (-2)  Swaziland 0.522 0.002 141 (-1)  Bhutan 0.522 0.004

Low human development

Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010 [1] 142  Solomon Islands 0.510 0.003 143 (1)  Kenya 0.509 0.004 144 (-1)  São Tomé and Príncipe 0.509 0.003 145  Pakistan 0.504 0.001 146  Bangladesh 0.500 0.004 147  Timor-Leste 0.495 0.004 148  Angola 0.486 0.004 149 (1)  Myanmar 0.483 0.004 150 (1)  Cameroon 0.482 0.003 151 (-2)  Madagascar 0.480 0.001 152 (1)  Tanzania 0.466 0.005 153 (-1)  Papua New Guinea 0.466 0.004 154  Yemen 0.462 0.002 155  Senegal 0.459 0.002 156 (1)  Nigeria 0.459 0.005 157 (-1)  Nepal 0.458 0.003 158 (1)  Haiti 0.454 0.005 159 (-1)  Mauritania 0.453 0.002 160  Lesotho 0.450 0.004 161  Uganda 0.446 0.004 162  Togo 0.435 0.002 163  Comoros 0.433 0.002 164 (1)  Zambia 0.430 0.005 165 (-1)  Djibouti 0.430 0.003

Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011 [1] Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010 [1] 166  Rwanda 0.429 0.004 167  Benin 0.427 0.002 168  Gambia 0.420 0.002 169  Sudan 0.408 0.002 170  Côte d'Ivoire 0.400 0.001 171  Malawi 0.400 0.005 172  Afghanistan 0.398 0.004 173  Zimbabwe 0.376 0.012 174  Ethiopia 0.363 0.005 175  Mali 0.359 0.003 176  Guinea-Bissau 0.353 0.002 177  Eritrea 0.349 0.004 178  Guinea 0.344 0.002 179  Central African Republic 0.343 0.004 180  Sierra Leone 0.336 0.002 181  Burkina Faso 0.331 0.002 182 (1)  Liberia 0.329 0.004 183 (-1)  Chad 0.328 0.002 184  Mozambique 0.322 0.005 185  Burundi 0.316 0.003 186  Niger 0.295 0.002 187  Democratic Republic of Congo 0.286 0.004

List of countries by continent

Africa

10 highest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 High human development 1  Seychelles 0.773 2  Libya 0.760 3  Mauritius 0.728 4  Tunisia 0.698 Medium human development 5  Algeria 0.698 6  Gabon 0.674 7  Egypt 0.644 8  Botswana 0.633 9  Namibia 0.625 10  South Africa 0.619

10 lowest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Low human development 1  Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.286 2  Niger 0.295 3  Burundi 0.316 4  Mozambique 0.322 5  Chad 0.328 6  Liberia 0.329 7  Burkina Faso 0.331 8  Sierra Leone 0.336 9  Central African Republic 0.343 10  Guinea 0.344

Americas

10 highest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1  United States 0.910 2  Canada 0.908 3  Chile 0.805 4  Argentina 0.797 5  Barbados 0.793 High human development 6  Uruguay 0.783 7  Cuba 0.776 8  Bahamas 0.771 9  Mexico 0.770 10  Panama 0.768

10 lowest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Low human development 1  Haiti 0.454 Medium human development 2  Guatemala 0.574 3  Nicaragua 0.589 4  Honduras 0.625 5  Guyana 0.633 6  Bolivia 0.663 7  Paraguay 0.665 8  El Salvador 0.674 9  Suriname 0.680 10  Dominican Republic 0.689

Asia and Oceania

10 highest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1  Australia 0.929 2  New Zealand 0.908 3  Japan 0.901 4  Hong Kong 0.898 5  South Korea 0.897 6  Israel 0.888 7  Singapore 0.866 8  United Arab Emirates 0.846 9  Cyprus 0.840 10  Brunei 0.838

10 lowest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Low human development 1  Afghanistan 0.398 2  Nepal 0.458 3  Yemen 0.462 4  Papua New Guinea 0.466 5  Myanmar 0.483 6  Timor-Leste 0.495 7  Bangladesh 0.500 8  Pakistan 0.504 9  Solomon Islands 0.510 Medium human development 10  Bhutan 0.522

Europe

10 highest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1  Norway 0.943 2  Netherlands 0.910 3  Ireland 0.908 4  Liechtenstein 0.905 5  Germany 0.905 6  Sweden 0.904 7  Switzerland 0.903 8  Iceland 0.898 9  Denmark 0.895 10  Belgium 0.886

10 lowest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Medium human development 1  Moldova 0.649 High human development 2  Turkey 0.699 3  Azerbaijan 0.700 4  Armenia 0.716 5  Macedonia 0.728 6  Ukraine 0.729 7  Georgia 0.733 8  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.733 9  Albania 0.739 10  Kazakhstan 0.745

List of countries by non-continental region

Arab League member states

10 highest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1  United Arab Emirates 0.846 2  Qatar 0.831 3  Bahrain 0.806 High human development 4  Saudi Arabia 0.770 5  Kuwait 0.760 6  Libya 0.760 7  Lebanon 0.739 8  Oman 0.705 9  Tunisia 0.698 Medium human development 10  Jordan 0.698

10 lowest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Low human development 1  Sudan 0.408 2  Djibouti 0.430 3  Comoros 0.433 4  Mauritania 0.453 5  Yemen 0.462 Medium human development 6  Iraq 0.573 7  Morocco 0.582 8  Syria 0.632 9 Palestinian territories 0.641 10  Egypt 0.644

European Union

10 highest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1  Netherlands 0.910 2  Ireland 0.908 3  Germany 0.905 4  Sweden 0.904 5  Denmark 0.895 6  Belgium 0.886 7  Austria 0.885 8  France 0.884 9  Slovenia 0.884 10  Finland 0.882

10 lowest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 High human development 1  Bulgaria 0.771 2  Romania 0.781 Very high human development 3  Latvia 0.805 4  Portugal 0.809 5  Lithuania 0.810 6  Poland 0.813 7  Hungary 0.816 8  Malta 0.832 9  Slovakia 0.834 10  Estonia 0.835

East Asia and the Pacific

10 highest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1  Australia 0.929 2  New Zealand 0.908 3  Japan 0.901 4  Hong Kong 0.898 5  South Korea 0.897 6  Singapore 0.866 7  Brunei 0.838 High human development 8  Palau 0.782 9  Malaysia 0.761 10  Tonga 0.704

10 lowest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Low human development 1  Papua New Guinea 0.466 2  Myanmar 0.483 3  Timor-Leste 0.495 4  Solomon Islands 0.510 Medium human development 5  Cambodia 0.523 6  Laos 0.524 7  Vietnam 0.593 8  Vanuatu 0.617 9  Indonesia 0.617 10  Kiribati 0.624

Latin America

10 highest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1  Chile 0.805 2  Argentina 0.797 High human development 3  Uruguay 0.783 4  Cuba 0.776 5  Mexico 0.770 6  Panama 0.768 7  Costa Rica 0.744 8  Venezuela 0.735 9  Peru 0.725 10  Ecuador 0.720

10 lowest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Low human development 1  Haiti 0.454 Medium human development 2  Guatemala 0.574 3  Nicaragua 0.589 4  Honduras 0.625 5  Bolivia 0.663 6  Paraguay 0.665 7  El Salvador 0.674 8  Dominican Republic 0.689 High human development 9  Colombia 0.710 10  Brazil 0.718

Middle East and North Africa

10 highest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1  Israel 0.888 2  United Arab Emirates 0.846 3  Cyprus 0.840 4  Qatar 0.831 5  Bahrain 0.806 High human development 6  Saudi Arabia 0.770 7  Kuwait 0.760 8  Libya 0.760 9  Lebanon 0.739 10  Iran 0.707

10 lowest HDIs Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Low human development 1  Sudan 0.408 2  Yemen 0.462 Medium human development 3  Iraq 0.573 4  Morocco 0.582 5  Syria 0.632 6 Palestinian territories 0,641 7  Egypt 0.644 8  Algeria 0.698 9  Jordan 0.698 High human development 10  Tunisia 0.698

HDI by regions & groups

Region or Group 2011 estimates for 2011 HDI[4] 2011 estimates for 2010 HDI[4] Very high human development Very High Human Development 0.889 0.888 OECD 0.873 0.871 High human development Europe and Central Asia 0.751 0.748 High Human Development 0.741 0.739 Latin America and the Caribbean 0.731 0.728 Medium human development World 0.682 0.679 East Asia and the Pacific 0.671 0.666 Arab states 0.641 0.639 Small Island Developing States 0.640 0.638 Medium Human Development 0.630 0.625 South Asia 0.548 0.545 Low human development Sub-Saharan Africa 0.463 0.460 Low Human Development 0.456 0.453 Least Developed Countries 0.439 0.435

Countries missing from latest report

UN member states (latest UNDP data) Year Country HDI Rank Source Publication Data Very high human development 1997 N/A  Monaco 0.946 N/A [citation needed] 1997 N/A  San Marino 0.944 N/A [citation needed] Medium human development 1998 1995  North Korea 0.766 75 [5] 1998 N/A  Nauru 0.663 N/A [citation needed] 1998 N/A  Tuvalu 0.583 N/A [citation needed] 1998 N/A  Marshall Islands 0.563 N/A [citation needed] Low human development 2001 2001  Somalia 0.284 161 [6][nb 1]

Non-UN members (not calculated by the UNDP) Year Country or Territory HDI Rank Source Publication Data Very high human development 1998 N/A  Puerto Rico 0.942 N/A [7] 2008 2005  Martinique 0.929 24 [8] 1998 N/A  Greenland 0.927 N/A [9] 2008 2005  Guadeloupe 0.912 28 [8] 2010 2007  Macau 0.944 23 [10] 2010 2010  Republic of China (Taiwan) 0.868 18 [nb 2] High human development 2008 2005  New Caledonia 0.878 34 [8] 2007 2004  Réunion 0.870 35 [8][12] 2008 2005  French Polynesia 0.864 42 [8] 2008 2005  French Guiana 0.862 43 [8] Medium human development 2004 2003  Kosovo 0.734 N/A [13]

See also

• American Human Development Project
• Happy Planet Index
• List of African countries by Human Development Index
• List of Argentine provinces by Human Development Index
• List of Australian states and territories by HDI
• List of Brazilian states by Human Development Index
• List of Chilean regions by Human Development Index
• List of Chinese administrative divisions by Human Development Index
• List of countries by Human Development Index/Former reports
• List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI
• List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index
• List of Indonesian provinces by HDI
• List of Mexican states by Human Development Index
• List of Pakistani Districts by Human Development Index
• List of Philippine provinces by Human Development Index
• List of Russian federal subjects by HDI
• List of sovereign states in Europe by Human Development Index
• List of Venezuelan states by human development index
• Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe statistics
• Satisfaction with Life Index

Notes

1. ^ Somalia's last inclusion in the HDI ranking was in the 1996 report (1993 data).
2. ^ The UN does not recognize the Republic of China (Taiwan) as a sovereign state. The HDI report does not include Taiwan as part of the People's Republic of China when calculating China's figures (see [1]). The ROC's government calculated its HDI to be 0.868, based on 2010 new methodology of UNDP for calculating 2010 HDIs.^[11]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag} "Human Development Report 2011 - Human development statistical annex". HDRO (Human Development Report Office United Nations Development Programme. pp. 127–130. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf. Retrieved 2 November 2011. 
2. ^ "History of the Human Development Report". United Nations Development Programme. http://hdr.undp.org/en/humandev/reports/. Retrieved 26 March 2009. 
3. ^ "The Human Development concept". UNDP. 2010. http://hdr.undp.org/en/humandev/. Retrieved 29 July 2011. 
4. ^ ^{a b} "2011 Human Development Report". United Nations Development Programme. p. 151. http://hdr.undp.org/en/data/trends/. Retrieved 2 November 2011. 
5. ^ "The State of Human Development" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 1998. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_1998_en_chap1.pdf. Retrieved 26 March 2009. 
6. ^ "Human Development Report: Somalia 2001" (PDF). 2001. p. 198. http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/nationalreports/africa/somalia/Somalia_2001_en.pdf. Retrieved 26 March 2009. ^{[dead link]}
7. ^ "Puerto Rico (United States)". United Nations Environment Programme. 2 March 1998. http://islands.unep.ch/CSV.htm. Retrieved 26 March 2009. . Note: Appears to be simply the United States's HDI published on the 1997 report^{[citation needed]}.
8. ^ ^{a b c d e f} "Les défis de la croissance calédonienne, on page 13" (in French) (PDF). CEROM - INSEE. http://www.cerom-outremer.org/jahia/webdav/site/cerom/users/admin_cerom/public/Pdf/BilanmacroNC2008.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-10. 
9. ^ "Greenland (Denmark)". United Nations Environment Programme. 2 March 1998. http://islands.unep.ch/CTP.htm. Retrieved 26 March 2009. . Note: Appears to be simply Denmark's HDI published on the 1997 report^{[citation needed]}.
10. ^ The UN did not calculate the HDI of Macau. The government of Macau calculates its own HDI. If it were included in the UN's HDI figures as of 2007, Macau would rank 23rd or 24th (tying either Singapore or Hong Kong). "Macao in Figures 2010". Statistics and Census Service, Macau SAR. 2010. http://www.dsec.gov.mo/getAttachment/6ba9054b-39ed-4a06-95fa-be5fdc961af1/E_MN_PUB_2010_Y.aspx. Retrieved 2010-07-01. 
11. ^ "2010中華民國人類發展指數 (HDI)" (in Chinese) (pdf). Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C.. 2010. http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Data/11715541971.pdf. Retrieved 2010-07-02. 
12. ^ "L’Indice de Développement Humain : Une Évaluation pour la réunion" (in French) (PDF). Laboratoire d’Economie Appliquée au Développement (LEAD) Université du Sud Toulon-Var. http://www.regionetdeveloppement.u-3mrs.fr/pdf/R27/Goujon.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-10. ^{[dead link]}
13. ^ "Human Development Report - Kosovo 2004". UNDP. 2004. p. 14. http://www.ks.undp.org/repository/docs/KHDR2004.pdf. Retrieved 2011-01-22. 

External links

• Human Development Report 2011
• Archive of Previous global reports.
• HDI 2011 Index (the first column).
• Data challenges in estimating the HDI: The cases of Cuba, Palau and the Occupied Palestinian Territory.