Jemima Blackburn

Jemima Blackburn (née Wedderburn) (1823 – 1909) was a Scottish painter whose work gives us an evocative picture of rural life in 19th century Scotland. One of most popular illustrators in Victorian Britain, she illustrated 27 books. Her greatest ornithological achievement was the second edition of her "Birds from Nature" 1868. Most are watercolors, with early paintings often including some ink work. A few are collages, in which she cut out a bird’s outline and transferred it to a different background, in a similar manner to John James Audubon. Her many watercolours show daily family life in the late nineteen century Scottish Highlands as well as fantasy scenes from children's fables. She achieved widespread recognition under the initials JB or her married name Mrs Hugh Blackburn.

Life and Work

The youngest daughter of James Wedderburn, Solicitor General for Scotland, Jemima was a friend and pupil of John Ruskin and Sir Edwin Landseer, both of whom praised her work highly. She married the mathematician Professor Hugh Blackburn and they bought the Roshven estate in 1854. Her Roshven home became the focus of visits from some of the most celebrated figures of the century, including John Ruskin, Sir John Everett Millais, Anthony Trollope and Benjamin Disraeli. The very best of Jemima's work is to be found among her paintings of Roshven, its animals and birds. She became one of the leading bird painters of the day.

Mrs. Blackburn was a keen observer of bird behavior, as evidenced by her writings. She describes the ejection of nestling Meadow Pipits (Anthus pratensis) by a blind and naked hatchling Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), accompanied by a small drawing. This behavior had been reported by Jenner in 1788 but dismissed as impossible by Waterton in 1836. Blackburn’s account was originally published, not in a scientific journal, but in a popular narrative for children, "The Pipits" 1871. Charles Darwin refers to Mrs. Blackburn’s observations in the sixth edition of On the Origin of Species.

Modern reprints of her work

BLACKBURN’S BIRDS: THE BIRD PAINTINGS OF JEMIMA BLACKBURN. Rob Fairley, ed. Canongate Press, Edinburgh, Scotland. 1993: 112 pp., 100 color paintings, 3 black-and-white drawings, portrait photograph.

References and web links

* [http://www.roshven.com/jmb.html Roshven.com ] at www.roshven.com
* [http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/people/famousfirst2374.html Overview of Jemima Blackburn ] at www.geo.ed.ac.uk
* [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Blackburn.html Blackburn biography ] at www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk
* [http://www.hunterian.gla.ac.uk/history/hunter/gilmorehill.shtml Welcome to the Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery ] at www.hunterian.gla.ac.uk
* "The Bird Paintings of Jemima Blackburn" by Rob Fairley, Woman's Art Journal, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Autumn, 1995 - Winter, 1996), p. 57
* [http://images.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp08650&role=art Jemima Blackburn (née Wedderburn) (1823-1909), Artist and memoirist ] at images.npg.org.uk
* [http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101052010/ Jemima Blackburn : Oxford Biography Index entry ] at www.oxforddnb.com
* [http://www.information-britain.co.uk/famousbrits.php?id=1243 Jemima Blackburn, famous people from Edinburgh. ] at www.information-britain.co.uk