Spanish conjugation

"This is a paradigm of Spanish verbs, that is, a set of conjugation tables, for the model regular verbs and for some of the most common irregular verbs (see the article on Spanish irregular verbs for common patterns of irregularity that may help understanding this paradigm)."

The tables include only the simple tenses. Continuous or perfect forms can be easily put together by using the appropriate tense of "estar" + gerund or "haber" + past participle.

The pronouns "yo, tú/vos, él, nosotros, vosotros" and "ellos" are used to symbolise the three persons and two numbers. Note, however, that Spanish is a pro-drop language and so it is the norm to omit subject pronouns when not needed for contrast or emphasis. Note also that the subject, if specified, can easily be something other than these pronouns. For example, instead of "él", we can have "ella", "usted", impersonal "se", or a noun phrase. Instead of "nosotros", we can have "nosotras", "tú y yo", "él y yo" etc., or a noun phrase that includes the speaker. The same comments hold for "vosotros" and "ellos".

Following the convention in Latin studies, we cite the 4 principal parts from which these Spanish words derive.

Regular -ar verbs ("amar", to love)

From the Latin: "amo", "amare", "amavi", "amatus" — "to love".
* (1) The form "partistes" is not normative, but it's very widespread in colloquial speech. It is furthermore the pure conjugation of "vos"
* (2) The form "partir" (instead of "partid") is not normative, but it's the one used in real-life speech. The corresponding pronominal form is "partíos" formally, plus the not normative "partiros" or regionally "partirse".
* (3) In Rioplatense, "partas" and "partás" exist side by side, and forms such as "vos partas" is widespread and normative. In other areas where voseo exists, the conjugation "partás" is used with "vos".

"ser", to be

From the Latin: "sum", "esse", "fui", "futurus" — "to be".
* (1) "ha" in perfective tenses and in "haber de"; "hay" in the impersonal expressions "hay que" and "hay" meaning "there is/are".
* (2) "habemos" in the rare expression "nos las habemos con" meaning "the matter in question is"; dialectally or archaically for "hemos", all senses; dialectally for "hay" in the plural, meaning "there are".
* (3) The form "hubistes" is not normative, but it's very widespread in colloquial speech.
* (4) "Hubieron" is commonly used by Spanish speakers as a replacement for "hubo" in the plural form, as in "Hubieron muchas cajas", with the connotated translation of "There were many boxes", although this usage of "hubieron" is not normative.
* (5) Dialectally, "haiga", etc.
* (6) The imperative of "haber" is hardly ever used.

"tener", to have (possession)

From the Latin: "teneo", "tenere", "tenui", "tentus" — "to hold".

Sometimes referred to by Spanish instructors as a "Yo- go" verb.

* The verb "yacer" is hardly ever used in colloquial speech.
* (1) also "yazgo" or "yago".
* (2) also "yazga" etc., or "yaga", etc.
* (3) also "yaz".

External links

* [http://www.webworkbooks.com/spanish/verbs/ WebWorkbooks: 10,000 verbs conjugated with voice files.]
* [http://www.elconjugador.com/ El Conjugador] Spanish conjugation for all verbs
* [http://buscon.rae.es/diccionario/drae.htm Real Academia Española] Spanish dictionary. Conjugation of regular and irregular verbs.
* [http://www.esfacil.eu/en-gb.html ¡Es fácil! - learn Spanish] Verb conjugations (regular and irregular) with [http://www.esfacil.eu/en-gb/verbs/practise-verbs.html online conjugation exercises] .
* [http://www.spanishverbmachine.com/ Spanish Verb Machine] Conjugates in all tenses, but doesn't effectively handle irregular verbs such as "ser" or "ir".
* [http://www.vocabulix.com/online/Learn/Spanish Learn Spanish] Free conjugation drills.
* [http://www.onlinespanishhelp.com Online Spanish Help] Verb conjugation activities and games
* [http://www.spaleon.com/index.php Spaleon] Interactive verb conjugation test.