Beilstein test

Beilstein test

The Beilstein test is a simple chemical test used in chemistry as a qualitative test for halides. It was developed by Friedrich Konrad Beilstein. [cite journal
author= F. Beilstein
title = Ueber den Nachweis von Chlor, Brom und Jod in organischen Substanzen
journal = Ber. DtschARRAYhem. Ges.
year = 1872
volume = 5
issue = 2
pages = 620–621
doi = 10.1002/cber.18720050209]

A copper wire is cleaned and heated in a Bunsen burner flame to form a coating of copper(II) oxide. It is then dipped in the sample to be tested and once again heated in a flame. A positive test is indicated by a green flame caused by the formation of a copper halide.

This test is little used nowadays; one reason why it is not popular is that it is possible to generate the highly toxic chloro-dioxins if the test material is a polychloroarene. [cite journal
author= Barbara M. Scholz-Böttcher, Müfit Bahadir, Henning Hopf
title = The Beilstein Test: An Unintentional Dioxin Source in Analytical and Research Laboratories
journal = Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English
year = 1992
volume = 31
issue = 4
pages = 443–444
doi = 10.1002/anie.199204431]

An alternative wet test for halide is the sodium fusion test — this test converts organic material to inorganic salts include the sodium halide. Addition of silver nitrate solution causes any halides to precipitate as the respective silver halide.

References


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