Sir Thomas Pasley, 1st Baronet

Infobox Military Person
name= Sir Thomas Pasley
lived= 2 March, 1734 – 29 November, 1808
placeofbirth= Langholm, Dumfriesshire
placeofdeath= Winchester, Hampshire


caption=
nickname=
allegiance= flagicon|United Kingdom United Kingdom
serviceyears= 1751 to 1801
rank= Royal Navy Admiral
branch=
commands=
unit=
battles= Seven Years War • Sinking of "Alcyon" • Action off the Isle of Man American Revolutionary War • Battle of Porto Praya • Battle of Salandha Bay • Action off Havanna French Revolutionary Wars • Glorious First of June
awards= Baronetcy
laterwork=

Admiral Sir Thomas Pasley, 1st Baronet (2 March, 1734 – 29 November, 1808) was a senior and highly-experienced British Royal Navy officer of the eighteenth century, who served with distinction at numerous actions of the Seven Years War, American Revolutionary War and French Revolutionary Wars. In his youth he was renowned as an efficient and able frigate officer and in later life became a highly respected squadron commander in the Channel Fleet. It was during the latter service when he was awarded his baronetcy after losing a leg at the Glorious First of June, aged 60.

Early career

Thomas Pasley was born in 1734 to James and Magdalen Pasley. Thomas was the fifth of the eleven Pasley children, a family of minor landowners in the village of Craig, near Langholm, Dumfriesshire. Thomas entered the Royal Navy in 1751 aged 16, and served as a midshipman aboard the sixth-rate frigate HMS "Garland". Pasley's first captain was Maurice Suckling, who commanded him in the sloop HMS "Weazel" off Jamaica. Pasley later moved to the ship of the line HMS "Dreadnought" under Robert Digby, who was impressed enough with the young officer to bring him along when Digby was transferred to HMS "Bideford" in 1757.

even Years War

On "Bideford", Pasley served as temporary lieutenant on a bullion convoy operation from the West Indies to Britain. As the Seven Years War had broken out the year before, the mission to carry £3,000 across the Atlantic was dangerous, but "Bideford" crossed safely and Pasley personally escorted the gold to London, being officially promoted to lieutenant shortly afterwards. Pasley continued to serve with Digby after his promotion, joining the ship of the line HMS "Dunkirk" on the Siege of Rochefort, when a British combined naval and land force failed disastrously to capture the strategic French port.

Pasley took his first solo command later in the year with the small fireship HMS "Roman Emperor", but he soon requested service on a bigger ship, joining his cousin John Elliot, who was captain of the frigate HMS "Hussar". In November, Elliot used his small ship to destroy the 50-gun French fourth-rate "Alcyon", and in early 1758 he captured the French privateer "Vengeance". The two officers later moved to the larger frigate HMS "Aeolus" and in 1759 captured the corvette "Mignonne" from within Brest Roads.

In 1760, "Aeolus" was blown off course during blockade duties off France and put in to reprovision at Kinsale. There Elliott heard a rumour of a French invasion force landing at Carrickfergus and put to sea in the hope of intercepting the enemy squadron. "Aeolus" was joined by HMS "Brilliant" and HMS "Pallas" and the three frigates attacked the French squadron under François Thurot off the Isle of Man. In a sharp encounter, all three French ships were lost, Pasley leading the charge aboard Thurot's flagship "Marischal de Belle Isle" which captured the vessel and during which Thurot was killed. Pasley became first lieutenant as a result of this action and spent the remained of the war on "Aeolus" in the English Channel and subsequently off the Spanish coast on commerce raiding activities.

In 1762, with the war coming to a close, Pasley was made commander and given the small ship HMS "Albany" with which to convoy merchant ships across the Irish Sea. At the pace in 1763 he retained this duty in the 8-gun HMS "Ranger" and was also employed in seizing smugglers between the islands. In 1769, Pasley joined HMS "Weazel" which was tasked with transporting structural engineers to the Guinea coast. Arriving in the worst of the wet season, "Weazel" soon became infested with malaria and all four engineers and the majority of the crew succumbed and died in a short period. So depleted was "Weazel's" crew that Pasley was forced to impress sailors from West African merchant ships in order to return to Britain safely.

American Revolutionary War

After briefly serving on HMS "Pomona" in 1771, Pasley was promoted to post captain and took command of HMS "Seahorse" in the West Indies. In 1772 he returned to Britain on half-pay and married Mary Heywood, daughter of the chief justice of the Isle of Man. The marriage was a love match and the couple had two daughters. Pasley remained on half-pay until the American Revolutionary War in 1776, when he was given command of the sloop HMS "Glasgow".

Pasley's first duty was escorting a convoy to the West Indies, which he did swiftly and successfully, his wife being presented with plate in reward for his services. He remained on the Jamaica station for the next two years, capturing numerous enemy ships and making a substantial amount in prize money. He returned in 1778 and was placed in command of the half finished HMS "Sybil", which was launched in 1779. In her he cruised off Cape St Vincent and later guided a convoy to Newfoundland and a second one back safely. In 1780 he sailed for the Cape of Good Hope and brought back all the documentation and several survivors from Captain James Cook's expedition to the Pacific, including Nathaniel Portlock.

For these services, Pasley was given the 50-gun HMS "Jupiter" and in her served in several squadrons and actions, fighting the French at the Battle of Porto Praya under George Johnstone and the Dutch at the Battle of Saldanha Bay (1781). On both occasions Pasley was directly responsible for destroying numerous enemy war and merchant ships. In 1782 he convoyed Admiral Hugh Pigot to the West Indies and then cruised off Havanna, destroying seven merchants from a convoy and then driving off two Spanish ships of the line when the tried to intervene. At the war's conclusion in 1783, "Jupiter" was paid off and Pasley returned to half-pay.

French Revoluionary Wars

In 1788, Pasley's wife died and he rejoined the service as commander in chief at the Medway. Pasley served in HMS "Vengeance" and HMS "Bellerophon" until in 1794 at the start of the French Revolutionary Wars, he was made rear-admiral. Remaining in "Bellerophon", Pasley commanded the van squadron of the British fleet during the Atlantic campaign of May 1794 and led the action on 28 May. Further engaged on 29 May, Pasley was seriously wounded in the general action of the Glorious First of June when Lord Howe's fleet defeated Villaret de Joyeuse's French. Pasley's leg was torn off by cannon shot and he retired below early in the action. his life being saved by emergency surgery.

Pasley did not serve in a sea-going capacity again, but was rewarded with promotion, over £1,500 worth of gifts, a baronetcy and numerous other awards. He was later promoted again, and became commander in chief at the Nore in 1798. A year later he took command at Plymouth, but his age and wound prevented active service and he retired in 1801 as a full admiral. Pasley died in 1808 at his estate near Winchester of dropsy. Although he had no male heirs, his baronetcy and estate were passed by special provision to his grandson Thomas Sabine Pasley, later an admiral in his own right. [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/21501?docPos=1 Pasley, Sir Thomas] , "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", P. K. Crimmin, Retrieved 24 January 2008 ]

Notes

References

* cite web
title = Pasley, Sir Thomas
work = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, P. K. Crimmin
url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/21501?docPos=1

Persondata
NAME=Pasley, Thomas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Sir Thomas Pasley, 1st Baronet
SHORT DESCRIPTION= British Royal Navy admiral
DATE OF BIRTH=2 March 1734
PLACE OF BIRTH=Winchester
DATE OF DEATH=29 November 1808