Jani Beg

Jani Beg (? — 1357) was a khan of the Golden Horde from 1342-1357, succeeding his father Uzbeg Khan.

After putting two of his brothers to death, Jani Beg crowned himself in Saray-Jük. He is known to have actively interfered in the affairs of Russian principalities and Lithuania. The Grand Princes of Moscow, Simeon Gordiy, and Ivan II, were under constant political and military pressure from Jani Beg. In order to strengthen his power in the Horde, Jani Beg forced Islam upon his subjects.

Jani Beg commanded a massive Crimean Tatar force that attacked the Crimean port city of Kaffa in 1343. The siege was uplifted by an Italian relief force in February, 1344, resulting in 15,000 Mongol deaths and the survivors fleeing east. He returned in 1345 and besieged Kaffa a second time. The next year, however, the Mongols became infected with the Black Plague and gave up the siege.

In 1356, Jani Beg conducted a military campaign in Azerbaijan and conquered Tabriz, installing his own governor there. Soon after this, there was an uprising in Tabriz. As a result, the power was transferred to the Jalayirid dynasty, an offshoot of Ilkhanate, which had been hostile towards Jani Beg. At the same time, Chudov Monastery was founded by Metropolitan Aleksii and Sergei Radonezh. Interestingly the ground was given to the Metropolitan by the Tatar Khan Janibeg as a result of Aleksii's curing Janibeg's wife, Taidula, of blindness.

During Jani Beg's reign, the Golden Horde started showing signs of feudal division. Jani Beg's assassination in 1357 opened a quarter-century of political turmoil in the Golden Horde. Twenty-five khans succeeded each other between 1357 and 1378.

ee also

*List of Khans of the Golden Horde

References

* David Morgan, "The Mongols"
* Rosemary Horrox, "The Black Death"