- Sebastian Englert
Father Sebastian Englert OFM Cap., (born
November 17 ,1888 in Dillingen an der Oder,Bavaria , diedJanuary 8 ,1969 inNew Orleans ,Louisiana ) was aCapuchin Franciscan friar ,Roman Catholic priest ,missionary ,linguist andethnologist fromGermany .Early Life in Bavaria
Born Anton Franz Englert, Father Sebastian spent his school days in
Eichstätt and Burghausen. In 1907, he entered thenovitiate of theOrder of Friars Minor Capuchin and received the religious name Sebastian. He undertook his canonical studies in philosophy and theology in the Capuchinstudium of Dillingen, and was ordained to thepriesthood in 1912.During the
First World War , Father Sebastian served as a chaplain in the German Army inFrance andBelgium , and after the war he worked for five years as a parish priest in the Schwabing district ofMunich . In 1922, he went at his own request as a missionary to theMapuche in SouthernChile .Missionary and Scientific Activity in Chile
Father Sebastian served in the
Apostolic Vicariate of the Araucanía in Villarica and Pucón, which at the time was administered almost entirely byCapuchins . There, in addition to his pastoral duties, he conducted original ethnological and linguistic research into Mapuche culture and the Mapudungun language. From 1934 to 1938, he published studies inAraucanian literature ,ethnology andfolklore . During this period, his linguistic studies included an investigation of the relationship of theQuechua andAymara languages to the Mapuche language.Rapa Nui
From 1935 until his death, Father Sebastian worked as a missionary priest on
Rapa Nui (Easter Island ). Whereas his previous pastoral assignments had found him in the ministerial context of his Capuchin Franciscan brotherhood, the mission on Rapa Nui left him outside the cloister for more than thirty years. Consequently, Father Sebastian devoted himself entirely to the people of Rapa Nui. As Bavarian Capuchins had learned in theirmissions throughout the world, in order to minister effectively to a people, the missionary priest must comprehend its history, culture and language. Father Sebastian understood this principle and approached it scientifically as well as pastorally. During the period of his apostolic presence on the island, he was perhaps the only non-Rapa Nui in the world to have mastered their language. Although Father Sebastian always celebratedMass inLatin , he nonetheless preached, heard confessions and catechized the faithful in the Rapa Nui language. Moreover, he translated popularCatholic devotions into Rapa Nui and promoted the long-standing tradition of native religious song. In 1964, he produced a history of the early activity of the French Sacred Hearts missionaries who first evangelized the island and documented the remarkable story of the Rapa Nui lay catechists, Nicolás Pakarati Ure Potahi and Maria Angata, through whose activityRoman Catholicism took deep root on Rapa Nui soil.In spite of the extreme isolation of Rapa Nui during the period before air travel, or perhaps because of it, Father Sebastian conducted substantial original research into the language, ethnology and anthropology of Easter Island. His extensive and detailed knowledge of all aspects of Rapa Nui culture and prehistory astonished the scientific staff of the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition of 1955.
William Mulloy , a member of that expedition, writes the following: “I retain a sharp memory of a day shortly after our arrival, when he was asked to summarize his views of the local prehistory in a lecture to the expedition archaeologists. He presented a beautifully organized exposition based largely on his interpretations of painstakingly collected local genealogies and traditions. I wrote down everything I could and that single lecture provided the basis for discussions with Father Sebastian that continued at every opportunity until the time of his death.” ["William Mulloy. 1969. "Sebastian Englert 1888-1969." American Anthropologist 71:1110.] Father Sebastian published several books, of which his "magnum opus " was "La tierra de Hotu Matu'a" (The Land ofHotu Matu'a ) a 1948 study of the history, archaeology, anthropology, and language of Easter Island, in its ninth edition as of 2004. His original research is best known to English-speakers through a collection of radio broadcasts prepared for Chilean naval personnel inAntarctica . Edited and translated by Dr. Mulloy, Father Sebastian’s lectures were published in the United States under the title "Island at the Center of the World: New Light on Easter Island". Nonetheless, as Mulloy points out, Father Sebastian “published a good deal, but he had learned much more and he gave of this knowledge without hesitation.” ["William Mulloy. 1969. "Sebastian Englert 1888-1969." American Anthropologist 71:1110.] Mulloy goes further:“In regard to his meticulously gathered information as well as in every other aspect of his life he was the most selfless man I ever knew. No one understood better the true essence of the universality of scientific information or felt less sense of personal ownership of it. One had only to ask to be told in full precisely what Father Sebastian knew or inferred about any subject related to the island. The fruits of his investigation were a free gift to anyone who could use or improve upon them. I knew him through eight subsequent trips to the island, continuing until shortly before the time of his death. Never once did I see him violate this principle.” ["William Mulloy. 1969. "Sebastian Englert 1888-1969." American Anthropologist 71:1110.]
Because of his commitment to the Rapa Nui people, and especially the lepers on the island,
Thor Heyerdahl , leader of the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition, called Father Sebastian the "uncrowned king of Easter Island." ["Thor Heyerdahl. 1960. Aku-Aku: The Secret of Easter Island. Cardinal Giant edn. New York: Pocket Books.] In 1963, Fr. Sebastian was awarded theBundesverdienstkreuz (Federal Cross of Merit) First Class by theFederal Republic of Germany . He died inNew Orleans, Louisiana in 1969 during a lecture tour of theUnited States . His remains were returned to Rapa Nui and interred in the cemetery in the Tahai district. His remains have since been transferred to the site of Holy Cross Church inHanga Roa .ee also
*
Father Sebastian Englert Anthropological Museum Publications
* Englert, S. 2004." La tierra de Hotu Matu'a: historia y etnología de la Isla de Pascua: gramática y diccionario del antiguo idioma de Isla de Pascua." 9th ed. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria.
* Englert, S. 1980." Leyendas de Isla de Pascua: textos bilingües." Santiago de Chile: Ediciones de la Universidad de Chile.
* Englert, S.1978. "Idioma rapanui: gramática y diccionario del antiguo idioma de la Isla de Pascua." Santiago de Chile: Universidad de Chile.
* Englert, S. 1977. "Diccionario Rapanui-Español." New York: AMS Press.
* Englert, S. 1970. "Island at the Center of the World; New Light on Easter Island." Translated and edited by William Mulloy. New York: Scribner.
* Englert, S. 1964. "Primer siglo cristiano de la Isla de Pascua, l864-1964." Villarrica, Chile: Escuela Lito-Tipográfica Salesiana “La Gratitud Nacional”.
* Englert, S. 1938. "Diccionario Rapanui-Español redactado en la Isla de Pascua, por p. Sebastián Englert, Mis. Cap." Santiago de Chile: Prensas de la Universidad de Chile.
* Englert, S., and M. Buschkühl. 1988. "Missionsgeschichte der Osterinsel: Pater Sebastian Englert O.F.M.Cap. (1888-1969) zum 100. Geburtstag." Ausstellung, Dezember 1988-März 1989. Eichstätt: Universitätsbibliothek.References
Further reading
Heyerdahl, T. 1960. "Aku-Aku: The Secret of Easter Island." Cardinal Giant edn. New York: Pocket Books.
Mulloy, W.T. 1969. "Sebastian Englert 1888-1969." American Anthropologist 71:1109-11.
Mulloy, W.T., and S.R. Fischer. 1993. "Easter Island Studies: Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T. Mulloy." Oxford: Oxbow Books.
Mulloy, W.T., World Monuments Fund, and Easter Island Foundation. 1995. T"he Easter Island Bulletins of William Mulloy." New York; Houston: World Monuments Fund; Easter Island Foundation.
Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Easter Island and the East Pacific, T. Heyerdahl, E.N. Ferdon, W.T. Mulloy, A. Skjølsvold, C.S. Smith, Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Easter Island and the East Pacific. Reports, and v. 1961. "Archaeology of Easter Island." Stockholm; Santa Fe, N.M.: Forum Pub. House; distributed by The School of American Research.
External links
* [http://www.museorapanui.cl/Inicio/ Father Sebastian Englert Anthropology Museum of Rapa Nui]
* [http://www.museorapanui.cl/Biblioteca/index.php William Mulloy Library]
* [http://www.capuchinos.cl/ Order of Friars Minor Capuchin in Chile]
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