TSG-6

TSG-6 is the protein product of Tumor necrosis factor alpha simulated gene-6 (also known as Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6 or TNFAIP6).cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TNFAIP6 tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 6| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7130| accessdate = ]

TSG-6 is a 30KDa secreted protein that contains a hyaluronan-binding LINK domain a and thus is a member of the hyaluronan-binding protein family, also called hyaladherins. The hyaluronan-binding domain is known to be involved in extracellular matrix stability and cell migration. This protein has been shown to form a stable, covalent complex with inter-alpha-inhibitor (IαI), and thus enhance the serine protease inhibitory activity of IαI, which is important in the protease network associated with inflammation. The expression of this gene can be induced by a number of signalling molecules, principally tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1. The expression can also be induced by mechanical stimuli in vascular smooth muscle cells, and is found to be correlated with proteoglycan synthesis and aggregation.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TNFAIP6 tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 6| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7130| accessdate = ]

TSG-6 also interacts with a plethora of matrix associated molecules, such an Aggregcan, Versican, Thrombospondin (1&2), Pentraxin-3 and Fibronectin.

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Milner CM, Day AJ |title=TSG-6: a multifunctional protein associated with inflammation. |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=116 |issue= Pt 10 |pages= 1863–73 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12692188 |doi= 10.1242/jcs.00407
*cite journal | author=Fries E, Kaczmarczyk A |title=Inter-alpha-inhibitor, hyaluronan and inflammation. |journal=Acta Biochim. Pol. |volume=50 |issue= 3 |pages= 735–42 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14515153 |doi= 035003735
*cite journal | author=Milner CM, Higman VA, Day AJ |title=TSG-6: a pluripotent inflammatory mediator? |journal=Biochem. Soc. Trans. |volume=34 |issue= Pt 3 |pages= 446–50 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16709183 |doi= 10.1042/BST0340446
*cite journal | author=Lee TH, Wisniewski HG, Vilcek J |title=A novel secretory tumor necrosis factor-inducible protein (TSG-6) is a member of the family of hyaluronate binding proteins, closely related to the adhesion receptor CD44. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=116 |issue= 2 |pages= 545–57 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1730767 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Wisniewski HG, Burgess WH, Oppenheim JD, Vilcek J |title=TSG-6, an arthritis-associated hyaluronan binding protein, forms a stable complex with the serum protein inter-alpha-inhibitor. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=33 |issue= 23 |pages= 7423–9 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7516184 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Klampfer L, Lee TH, Hsu W, "et al." |title=NF-IL6 and AP-1 cooperatively modulate the activation of the TSG-6 gene by tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=14 |issue= 10 |pages= 6561–9 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7935377 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Wisniewski HG, Hua JC, Poppers DM, "et al." |title=TNF/IL-1-inducible protein TSG-6 potentiates plasmin inhibition by inter-alpha-inhibitor and exerts a strong anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=156 |issue= 4 |pages= 1609–15 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8568267 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kohda D, Morton CJ, Parkar AA, "et al." |title=Solution structure of the link module: a hyaluronan-binding domain involved in extracellular matrix stability and cell migration. |journal=Cell |volume=86 |issue= 5 |pages= 767–75 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8797823 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Parkar AA, Kahmann JD, Howat SL, "et al." |title=TSG-6 interacts with hyaluronan and aggrecan in a pH-dependent manner via a common functional element: implications for its regulation in inflamed cartilage. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=428 |issue= 3 |pages= 171–6 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9654129 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Lee RT, Yamamoto C, Feng Y, "et al." |title=Mechanical strain induces specific changes in the synthesis and organization of proteoglycans by vascular smooth muscle cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 17 |pages= 13847–51 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11278699 |doi= 10.1074/jbc. M010556200
*cite journal | author=Nentwich HA, Mustafa Z, Rugg MS, "et al." |title=A novel allelic variant of the human TSG-6 gene encoding an amino acid difference in the CUB module. Chromosomal localization, frequency analysis, modeling, and expression. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 18 |pages= 15354–62 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11854277 |doi= 10.1074/jbc. M110765200
*cite journal | author=Getting SJ, Mahoney DJ, Cao T, "et al." |title=The link module from human TSG-6 inhibits neutrophil migration in a hyaluronan- and inter-alpha -inhibitor-independent manner. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 52 |pages= 51068–76 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12401803 |doi= 10.1074/jbc. M205121200
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Anderson NL, Polanski M, Pieper R, "et al." |title=The human plasma proteome: a nonredundant list developed by combination of four separate sources. |journal=Mol. Cell Proteomics |volume=3 |issue= 4 |pages= 311–26 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14718574 |doi= 10.1074/mcp. M300127-MCP200
*cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, "et al." |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504
*cite journal | author=Sanggaard KW, Karring H, Valnickova Z, "et al." |title=The TSG-6 and I alpha I interaction promotes a transesterification cleaving the protein-glycosaminoglycan-protein (PGP) cross-link. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 12 |pages= 11936–42 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15653696 |doi= 10.1074/jbc. M409016200
*cite journal | author=Blundell CD, Almond A, Mahoney DJ, "et al." |title=Towards a structure for a TSG-6.hyaluronan complex by modeling and NMR spectroscopy: insights into other members of the link module superfamily. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 18 |pages= 18189–201 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15718240 |doi= 10.1074/jbc. M414343200
*cite journal | author=Mindrescu C, Le J, Wisniewski HG, Vilcek J |title=Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by TSG-6 protein in macrophage cell line. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=330 |issue= 3 |pages= 737–45 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15809059 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.040

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