Giovanni Antonio Campani

Giovanni Antonio Campani called Campanus [He assumed the surname later, as a native of Campania.] (27 February? [Noted with a question mark by Thomas Brian Deutscher, "Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and ..." (University of Toronto Press) 2003] 1429 — 15 July 1477), a protegé of Cardinal Bessarion, was a Neapolitan-born humanist at the court of Pope Pius II, whose funeral oration he wrote, [ [http://www.tesionline.it/consult/indice.jsp?idt=18258 Vincenza Petrucci, "L'Orazione funebre per Pio II composta da Giovanni Antonio Campano"] ] followed by a biography, flattering but filled with personal reminiscence, written ca 1470-77. Campanus was famous for his Latin orations, poems and letters. In addition to Bessarion's Academy, Campanus was a member of the Roman circle of Pomponius Leto. After the death of the Pope in 1464, Campani taught at the Florentine Academy.

Campanus was known for his Latin poetry. The famous four epigrammatic lines on a sleeping nymph "Huius nympha loci...", thought to be of Roman origin [It was published in "Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum" VI.5.3e.] until revealed as a product of Renaissance humanism by Theodore Mommsen, were identified as Campani's from a note in a manuscript in the Bibliotheca Ricciardiana, Florence. [Elisabeth B. MacDougall, "The Sleeping Nymph: Origins of a Humanist Fountain Type" "The Art Bulletin" 57.3 (September 1975:357-365) p. 357f.] He wrote a "vita" in Latin of the condottiero Braccio Fortebracci da Montone. [ [http://www.comune.empoli.fi.it/biblioteca/CATALOGO/schede/sch264.html Translated into Italian, Venice 1572] .]

Giovanni Battista Campani was born at Cavelli, near Galluccio, in the province of Caserta, to a family of very modest condition, in the midst of the war between Angevin and Aragonese contenders for the Kingdom of Naples. A place as tutor to the sons of the noble Carlo Pandoni, where he spent six years, brought him to the notice of Michel Ferno. In 1452 he went to Perugia, under the patronage of the Baglioni, [His "De ingratitudine fugienda" was dedicated to Pandulfo Baglioni (in "Opera").] and, to his Latin added Greek, under the guidance of Demetrius Chalcondyles. [Deutscher 2003.] Having been part of the loyal embassy sent on the city's behalf to Pope Callixtus III in 1455, on his return was called to the chair of rhetoric at the University of Perugia, 16 November 1455. At the elevation of Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini to the papacy as Pope Pius II in August 1458, Campani was again among the delegation from Perugia. It was Giacomo Cardinal Ammannati, apostolic secretary, who introduced him to the learned humanist Pius II, who named him bishop of Crotone in Calabria, 20 October 1462, the first of a series of episcopal appointments that found Campani at last Bishop of Teramo (23 May 1463). In Rome Campani was attached as secretary to the household of Alessandro Cardinal Oliva.

After Oliva's death in 1463, Campani joined the "familia" of Pius' nephew Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (later briefly pope as Pius III), whom he accompanied to Germany in 1471. [Deutscher 2003.] Following the death of Pius, his relations with Paul II deteriorated, but he was protected from the persecution of the humanists in 1468. Under Sixtus IV he was appointed governor of Todi (1472) and Città del Castello (1474), but his public comparison of papal military activities with the Turks resulted in his permanent disgrace. He died in Siena and is buried in the Duomo.

An "Opera Campani Omnia" edited by Michele Ferno, published at Rome, contains an introductory "vita" [Alan Coates, "A Catalogue of Books Printed in the Fifteenth Century Now in the Bodleian .." (Oxford, 2005) cat. no. C-036, "Opera")] (2nd edition, Venice, 1495).

Notes

Further reading

*di Bernardo, F. "Un vescovo umanista alla corte ponteficia: Giannantonio Campani (1429-1477)" (Rome) 1975.
*Cosenza, M.E., ed. "Biographical and Bibliographical Dictionary of the Italian Humanists and of the World of Classical Scholarship" rev. 2nd. ed. (Boston) 1962-67.
*(Hausmann, Frank-Rutger) "Giovanni Battista Campani" in "Dizionario biografico degli italiani" (Rome, 1974